科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 50-59.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.10.006

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

超学科研究的中国模式——基于扎根理论的探索

王晓玲1，果佳慧1，魏嘉蒙2   

  1. 1.大连理工大学高等教育研究院，辽宁 大连116024；
    2.莫纳什大学学习分析中心，澳大利亚 维多利亚州 墨尔本38002
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31 修回日期:2025-01-19 接受日期:2025-01-19 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 果佳慧
  • 基金资助:
    基于知识整合的交叉学科形成性评价与引导策略研究(BIA220087)

Chinese model of transdisciplinary research: An exploration based on the grounded theory

Wang Xiaoling1, Guo Jiahui1, Wei Jiameng2   

  1. 1. Graduate School of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; 
    2. Centre for Learning Analytics, Monash University, Melbourne 38002, Victoria, Australia
  • Received:2024-05-31 Revised:2025-01-19 Accepted:2025-01-19 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-14

摘要：    超学科研究是我国应对西方科技封锁、突破关键核心技术、培育新质生产力的重要途径。深入剖析超学科研究的中国模式，有利于推进我国自主知识体系构建、为超学科研究贡献中国智慧、为科技创新提供理论支撑。研究以“863计划”“973计划”“2011计划”“国家重点研发计划”等重大科技创新计划的政策文本，以及十万空分压缩机项目、大型全断面掘进装备、碳纤维复合材料切削装备三个重大科研攻关项目的一手访谈资料，约40万字的文本资料作为分析对象，利用扎根分析和类型构建方法，揭示了超学科研究的三类中国模式：政府主导的跟踪发展模式，以跟踪国际前沿为目标，政府主导的有组织研究为路径，以引进消化吸收再创新为创新方式；探索需求导向的自主创新模式，以解决重大需求的自主创新为目标，以企业为核心的产学研合作为路径，以集成创新为主要创新方式；多主体协商对话的协同创新模式，以科技、人才全面创新为目标，以多主体协商对话的协同创新为路径，以集成创新和原始创新为主要创新方式。基于超学科研究三种模式的特征与价值，提出建立分类管理体系，发挥各类模式的优势，并围绕不同模式存在的问题，为政府、高校、科研院所、企业等主体提出具有针对性的管理启示。

关键词: 超学科, 协同创新, 知识整合, 科研模式

Abstract:     Transdisciplinary research serves as a crucial pathway for China to address Western technological blockades, achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies, and cultivate new productive forces. An in-depth analysis of China′s transdisciplinary research model helps advance the construction of China′s independent knowledge system, contributes Chinese wisdom to transdisciplinary research, and provides theoretical support for scientific and technological innovation. This study analysed the policy documents from major scientific and technological innovation programs (including the "863 Program", "973 Program", "2011 Plan", and "National Key Research and Development Plan"), along with the first-hand interview data from three major scientific research projects (100,000 m3/h air separation compressor, large full-section tunnelling equipment, and carbon fibre composite material cutting equipment), comprising approximately 400,000 words of textual data. Using the grounded theory analysis and typological construction methods, the study revealed three Chinese models of transdisciplinary research: (1) the government-led tracking development model, which aims to track international frontiers through government-led organized research and implements innovation through introduction, digestion, absorption, and re-innovation; (2) the exploratory demand-oriented independent innovation model, which focuses on independent innovation to address major needs through enterprise-centred industry-university-research cooperation and primarily utilizes integrated innovation; and (3) the multi-stakeholder consultative collaborative innovation model, which pursues comprehensive innovation in science, technology, and talent through multi-stakeholder consultation and dialogue, employing both integrated and original innovation approaches. Based on the characteristics and value of these three models, the study has proposed establishing a classified management system to leverage the advantages of each model and it will provide targeted management recommendations for governments, universities, research institutes, and enterprises to address specific challenges within different models. 

Key words: transdisciplinary, collaborative innovation, knowledge integration, research model