制造业作为核心物质生产部门,是实体经济的基础,亦是发展新质生产力的关键载体。探寻制造企业新质生产力的形成路径既是关键的现实问题,也是亟需探究的科学问题。本文基于新质生产力的内涵,采用必要条件分析(NCA)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,以289家500强A股制造企业为例,探讨了技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级三个层面下的条件因素交互作用形成的制造企业新质生产力组态路径。研究发现:第一,制造企业新质生产力的形成不存在必要条件;第二,制造企业新质生产力的形成路径可归纳为技术资源配置牵引型、技术禀赋协同拉动型、数字化推动型、产业集聚发展带动型四种,其中数字技术导向型分布最普遍;第三,结合非高水平新质生产力组态,制度创新作为核心条件贯穿高/非高水平新质生产力组态结果,绿色技术创新和制度创新是导致制造企业形成新质生产力失败的重要原因。研究结论有利于理解并深化制造企业新质生产力形成路径的复杂机理,促进制造业结构升级,为高质量发展提供内生动力。

The manufacturing industry, as a core material production department, is the foundation of the real economy and also a key carrier for the development of new-quality productive forces. Exploring the formation path of new quality productivity in manufacturing enterprises is not only a key practical problem, but also an urgent scientific problem. Based on the connotation of new-quality productive forces, this paper adopted the methods of necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), taking 289 A-share manufacturing enterprises among the top 500 as examples, and discussed the configuration path of new quality productivity of manufacturing enterprises, which is formed by the interaction of conditions and factors under the three levels of technological revolutionary breakthrough, innovative allocation of production factors and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. The research findings are as follows: First, there are no necessary conditions for the formation of new-quality productive forces in manufacturing enterprises. Second, the formation paths of new-quality productive forces in manufacturing enterprises can be classified into four types: technology resource allocation-driven type, technology endowment synergy-driven type, digitalization-driven type, and industrial agglomeration development-driven type, among which the digital technology-oriented type is the most common. Third, combined with the non-high-level new-quality productive force configuration, institutional innovation, as a core condition, runs through the configuration results of high/non-high-level new-quality productive forces. Green technology innovation and institutional innovation are important reasons for the failure of manufacturing enterprises to form new-quality productive forces. The research conclusion will be conducive to understanding and deepening the complex mechanism of the formation path of new quality productivity in manufacturing enterprises, promoting the structural upgrading of manufacturing industry and providing internal driving force for high-quality development.