科研管理 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 21-30.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2024.01.003

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高端装备制造企业数字化转型驱动路径研究

杨红1,李依梦1,陈银忠2,杨柏1   

  1. 1.重庆工商大学工商管理学院,重庆400067;
    2.四川外国语大学国际金融与贸易学院,重庆400031

  • 收稿日期:2023-05-15 修回日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈银忠
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目:“新一代人工智能与装备制造业深度融合的机制与路径研究”(20BJY095,2020.09—2022.09);重庆市自然科学基金项目:“数字经济驱动制造企业转型机理、效应测度与提升路径”(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1565,2022.08—2025.07);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目:“新科技革命背景下重庆先进制造业与现代服务化深度融合发展研究”(KJZD-K201900901,2019.10—2020.10)。

Research on the driving path of digital transformation in high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises

Yang Hong1, Li Yimeng1, Chen Yinzhong2, Yang Bai1   

  1. 1. School of Business Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
    2. College of Finance and Economics, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China
  • Received:2023-05-15 Revised:2023-09-26 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-01-02

摘要:     高端装备制造企业数字化转型是制造业价值链升级,实现高质量发展的重要引擎。文章基于TOE分析框架,以2016—2020年68家高端装备制造企业为研究对象,利用NCA和fsQCA方法,从组态视角探究“技术-组织-环境”维度的前因条件驱动高端装备制造企业数字化转型的路径。研究表明:任何单一的前因条件均无法独立成为驱动高端装备制造企业数字化转型的必要条件。高企业数字化转型水平受到互联网宽带接入用户数、规模以上工业企业R&D经费支出、企业数字人才投入、企业数字专利数、企业数字化业务模式和数字技术市场成交额六个条件的“多重并发”影响,并形成了数字环境孕育和内外联动渐进两类组态路径。环境维度因素是导致高端装备制造企业数字化转型失败的重要原因。结合该研究结论,从加强前因条件联动匹配、因地制宜探索驱动路径、统筹优化数字环境等方面提出促进高端装备制造企业加快数字化转型的相关政策建议。

关键词: 高端装备制造企业, 数字化转型, 必要条件分析, 模糊集定性比较分析

Abstract:    The deep integration of new digital technologies, such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and supply chain, with the manufacturing industry has released tremendous energy, which is becoming a key power to reorganize factor resources, reshape the economic structure and change the competition pattern, and also an important driving force to boost Chinese economic growth, and provides an effective path to upgrade Chinese industries. In particular, since China proposed the National Big Data Strategy in 2015, relevant policies have been issued, and then digital transformation becomes the strategic high point of the new-round of industrial competition. High-end equipment manufacturing (HEM) industryis located at the top of the manufacturing value chain and the core of the industrial chain. Besides, characterized by high technology, high-added value, and good growth, HEM industry has a significant leading role in the overall and long-term economic and social development, and has a great strategic importance for China to become a manufacturing power. However, the “double-ended squeeze from both international and domestic markets” brought by developed countries, the core components suffer from “strangleholds”, and HEM growth suffers from insufficient vitality. Under this situation that HEM industry is massive but not strong enough and urgent to be upgraded, the digital transformation has become a “game breaker” to reconstruct the competitive pattern and solve the old and new problems.In order to seize the opportunities in the wave of digitization, more and more HEM enterprises apply digital technology to all aspects of their product lifecycle, and gradually implement the transformation from informationization to digitalization. However, the complex and changing environment and the lack of priori experience caused most HEM enterprises to face great challenges and even failures in the process of digital transformation. For this reason, the issue of digital transformation of HEM enterprises has attracted great attention from the academia and political circles. Currently, scholars mostly focus on the enterprise digital transformation from the perspective of individual factors. While the complex system view presents that digital transformation is a complex systemic project, and it is obvious that only by considering the net effect of a single factor, we cannot effectively analyze the interaction between multiple factors and their complex causal relationship with enterprise digital transformation. Therefore, in order to reveal the “black box” of enterprise digital transformation driven by multi-factor linkage matching, firstly, on the basis of TOE analysis framework, this paper developed a theoretical model for the digital transformation of HEM enterprises from the perspective of configuration. Secondly, taking 68 HEM enterprises from 2016 to 2020 as the research samples, this paper utilized necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) methods to explore the paths of digital transformation of HEM enterprises driven by dimensional antecedent conditions:“technology-organization-environment”. The results of the study showed that: (1)Necessary condition analysis presents that any single antecedent condition cannot be the necessary condition to trigger thedigital transformation of HEM enterprises. (2) The digital transformation configuration ofhigh-level enterprises indicates that antecedent factors, such as technology, organization and environment, through the effect of “multiple concurrency”, have led to five configurations that can be categorized into two paths: digital environment incubation and internal and external linkage, and the antecedent conditions of some configurations have overlapping and potentially substitutive relationships. Meanwhile, compared with the digital transformation configuration of non-high-level enterprises, antecedent factors of the environmental dimension are the main reason leading to the failure of enterprise digital transformation. Based on the above study conclusions, the following insights are obtained. First, HEM enterprises should make full use of their external and internal resources to promote diversified digital transformation. Second, the government should strengthen the macro guidance and policy support for the digital transformation of HEM enterprises.

Key words: high-end equipment manufacturing enterprise, digital transformation, necessary condition analysis, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis