数字创新生态系统存在创新要素数字化、参与主体虚拟化、主体间关系生态化等鲜明特征，为创新生态系统治理带来挑战。本研究从数字创新生态系统的特征及治理困境入手，构建数字创新生态系统的治理理论框架，从关系机制、激励机制、控制机制三个方面，构建了基于数字平台构建、数字技术应用及数字资源协同的创新生态系统治理机制。

Digital innovation ecosystem is characterized by digitalization of innovation elements, virtualization of actors and ecological relationship among actors, which bring challenges to its governance. Starting with the characteristics of digital innovation ecosystem and its governance dilemma, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of digital innovation ecosystem governance from three aspects: relationship mechanism, incentive mechanism and control mechanism. In addition, the governance mechanism of digital innovation ecosystem is realized through digital platform construction, digital technology application and digital resource coordination.

数据作为全新的生产要素，已成为数字经济时代的“石油”，数据要素驱动的创新创业正成为新发展阶段实现高质量发展的新引擎。但鲜有针对数据要素价值化过程及其价值创造机制的研究。本研究针对新发展格局下数据要素价值化的难题，结合数据要素的“5I”社会属性，建构“要素-机制-绩效”这一过程视角下数据要素价值化的动态整合理论模型，系统论述通过数据银行实现数据要素多维价值创造的五阶段动态过程机制，也即低成本汇聚、规范化确权、高效率治理、资产化交易和全场景应用，讨论了落实这一机制的现实挑战和政策建议。本研究为打开数据要素价值化过程“黑箱”，加速数据要素价值化、赋能数字产业化和产业数字化，进而实现数字创新引领新发展阶段的高质量可持续发展提供理论与实践启示。

Big data as a new factor of production has become the "oil" in the era of digitalization. Innovation and entrepreneurship driven by data elements is becoming a new engine to achieve high-quality development in the new era. Yet there are relatively few researches on the value realization process and value creation process of data elements. This study aims at the problem of valuing data elements under the new development pattern and the mechanism of realizing the value of big data. It first discusses the "5I"(Integration, Interconnection, Insight, Improvement, Iteration) social attribute of data elements, followed by proposing a "factor-mechanism-performance" dynamic holistic model with a core part of data bank. Data bank is based on the full storage, comprehensive aggregation, standard right confirmation and efficient governance of massive data. Based on the social attributes of data elements, the mode and concept of banks, it makes data as a new kind of economic resource and further a tradeable asset, and finally realizes the transaction and application value-added of data. Data bank is a new business form and value-added service under the market-oriented allocation of data elements in the era of data economy. Then it systematically discusses the five-stage dynamic process mechanism of multi-dimensional value creation of data elements through data bank, that is, low cost convergence, standardized right confirmation, highly efficient governance, asset trading and full scenario application. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges, pointing out that the core technology is not yet mature and the value efficiency is low, the orientation of organization is unclear and the system and law need to be perfected. Finally, it proposes future research topics related big data value creation and policy suggestions for the implementation of this dynamic holistic mechanism, with a call for constructing a value creating ecosystem of data elements with Chinese characteristics so as to enable China’s new development pattern and sustainable development. This study provides theoretical and practical enlightenment for opening the "black box" of data elements value creation process, accelerating the value creation of data elements, enabling digital industrialization and industry digitalization, and then realizing high-quality sustainable development led by digital innovation in the new development stage.

在全球竞争日益激烈的情形下，基础研究在国家发展和安全保障中的作用逐渐凸显。若不能加强基础研究能力，我国将面临越来越多制裁以及“卡脖子”技术的约束，突破性创新也会受到一定的限制。目前，相对于其他发达国家，尤其是美国来说，我国基础研究仍存在明显不足，包括基础研究整体投入不足、以企业为主的问题导向基础研究的经费占比低下、不同创新主体之间未能形成稳健的基础研究体系等。基于分析，本研究提出了对我国未来的基础研究和关键核心技术突破具有启示意义的对策和建议，包括平衡问题导向的基础研究与好奇心导向的基础研究，调动大企业的积极性，多元化基础研究主体，建立军民两用的基础研究专项基金，促进基础研究主体的联动以及培养和吸引基础研究人才等。

Along with the increasingly fierce competition around the world, the role of basic research in nation’s development and security has become more prominent. If the capability of basic research cannot be improved, China would be constrained to more sanctions and bottleneck technologies, and the radical innovation would also be affected. Currently, China’s basic research is still underdeveloped compared with other developed countries, especially the United States, including insufficient investment in basic research, the low proportion of problem-oriented basic research investment that is mainly guided by enterprises, failure to form a robust basic research system among different innovative actors etc. Based on the analysis, this research puts forward enlightening suggestions for China’s basic research and radical innovation, including balancing problem-oriented and curiosity-oriented basic research, mobilizing large enterprises’ enthusiasm in basic research, diversifying basic research actors, establishing special fund for military and civil basic research, promoting the cooperation and linkage of different actors, and training and attracting talents for basic research.

基于“有为政府-有效市场-有志企业”协同治理的视角，探索研发费用加计扣除和税费减免对传统资源型企业数字化转型的影响，以及异质性企业家精神和市场竞争程度对税收优惠政策效果的影响机制。研究发现：①研发费用加计扣除和税费减免都能有效促进企业数字化转型，但扣除和减免强度要处于适度水平，不宜过高；而两种税收优惠政策的组合并未发挥理论预期的协同效应。②企业家创新精神和社会责任精神超过一定的阈值时，研发费用加计扣除和税费减免对企业数字化转型才能产生显著的促进效应；而当企业家环保精神指数较低时，会抑制两种税收优惠政策对数字化转型的促进效果。③市场竞争程度较低时，将削弱税收优惠政策对数字化转型的促进效应。

From the perspective of “promising government-effective market-aspiring enterprise” collaborative governance, this study explores the impact of research and development(R&D) deductions and tax reductions on the digital transformation of traditional resource-based enterprises, as well as the impact of heterogeneous entrepreneurship and the degree of market competition on the influence mechanism of the effects of preferential policies. The results show that: Firstly, R&D expense deductions and tax reductions can effectively promote the digital transformation of enterprises, but the intensity of deductions and reductions should be at a moderate level which should not be too high. The combination of the two preferential tax policies did not exert the synergistic effect expected by the theory. Secondly, when the innovation and social responsibility spirit of entrepreneur exceed a certain threshold, the deduction of R&D expenses and tax reductions can have significant promotion effects on the digital transformation of enterprises. When the entrepreneur’s environmental spirit index is low, it will inhibit the promotion effects of the two preferential tax policies on digital transformation. Thirdly, when the degree of market competition is low, it will also weaken the promotion effects.

建设创新生态系统并发挥共生效应是推动地区科技创新发展的首选战略。结合2007-2015年中国30个省市相关数据，利用共生测度模型计算我国区域创新生态系统共生度，并进一步建立静态和动态面板数据模型，实证分析区域创新生态系统共生与科技创新绩效间的关系。研究结果表明：我国区域创新生态系统共生度整体呈“U”型发展特征，东部地区远高于中西部地区，地区间差异较大且下降幅度尚显微弱；短期内创新生态系统共生对科技创新的促进作用相对较弱，共生单元的作用效果并不显著，而长期内创新生态系统共生的正向驱动效应明显放大，且共生单元呈负向抑制作用；地区科技创新的累积效应明显，共生基质、共生平台和共生环境始终对科技创新具有正向驱动作用，而共生网络的正向驱动效应均不明显。

Building the innovation ecosystem and playing a symbiotic role is the preferred strategy for promoting the development of regional sci-tech innovation. Combined with relevant data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2015, the symbiosis level of China's regional innovation ecosystem using the symbiotic measurement model is measured, and the relationship between regional innovation ecosystem symbiosis and sci-tech innovation is empirically analyzed by establishing the static and dynamic panel data model. The results show that: the symbiosis degree of regional innovation ecosystem is generally characterized by "U", the eastern region is much higher than the central and western regions, the regional differences are large and the decline is still weak. In the short term, innovation ecosystem symbiosis has a relatively weak role in promoting sci-tech innovation, and the effect of symbiosis unit is not significant, in the long term, the positive driving effect of innovation ecosystem symbiosis is obviously amplified, and the symbiosis unit has a negative inhibitory effect on sci-tech innovation. The accumulative effects of sci-tech innovation are obvious, the symbiosis matrix, symbiosis platform, and symbiosis environment always have positive driving effects on sci-tech innovation, and the positive driving effects of symbiosis network is not obvious.