关键词: 高技术产业, 科技成果转化, TOE框架, 定性比较分析

Abstract: With the continuous development of a new round of global S&T revolution and the accelerating industrial transformation, high-tech industries have become the focus of international S&T competition. The transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries is the key transition of high-tech achievements between laboratories and markets, and it is also an important way to promote the deep integration of science and technology and economy. In recent years, foreign countries have imposed technological blockades on some high-tech enterprises in China, destroying the transformation chain of S&T achievements in hightech industries. How to break through the technological blockade, overcome the key and core technologies and relieve the problems with transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries have a far-reaching impact on realizing high-level S&T self-reliance.Previous studies have explored the internal relationship between the transformation system of S&T achievements in high-tech industries and the overall innovation system, and it was found that the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries is influenced by many factors. However, some studies fail to clearly define the connotation of transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries; The core topics of existing studies focused on the influence of some factors on the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries, which not only lacks the analysis of influencing factors based on the holistic perspective and systematic theoretical framework, but also has not explored the comprehensive effects of various influencing factors on the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries. This study combined the TOE theoretical analysis framework and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the configuration effect of influencing factors on the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries, and explored some effective paths to promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries from practical cases. The marginal contribution of this study mainly lies in: first, it systematically and integrally analyzed the nonlinear relationship among the influencing factors of the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries, and turned the research perspective to the configuration perspective. Second, in the discussion of influencing factors, based on the TOE theoretical analysis framework, this study took into account the micro internal factors of technology and organization dimensions and the macro external factors of environment dimension. Third, it was found that there are multiple paths to promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries. This study held that the specific linkage combinations of technology, organization and environment conditions may promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries. Combined with the actual situation of various provinces and cities, this study further discussed the meaning of multiple condition configurations, which is beneficial to put forward some countermeasures and suggestions according to local conditions and circumstances.It was also found in this study that: First, the single condition of technology, organization and environment is not enough to promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries, and multiple condition configurations are necessary to produce synergistic linkage effect. Second, there are seven conditions to promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries, which can be summarized as two-dimensional linkage of technology and organization, three-dimensional linkage of technology, organization and environment, two-dimensional linkage of technology and environment, technology-driven, technology talent-oriented, technology innovation and market demand-oriented, and two-dimensional linkage of organization and environment. Third, technology innovation and technology talent are the core conditions in multiple condition configurations, and when the technology conditions are superior enough, there is a substitution relationship between organization and environment conditions, both of which can produce linkage effect with superior technology conditions and promote the transformation of S&T achievements in high-tech industries.This study drew the following policy implications: First, for areas with relatively insufficient environment conditions, technology and organization conditions should be continuously improved, and technology conditions should be given priority and supplemented by organization conditions. In high-tech industries, priority should be given to introduce R&D personnel and have their living conditions improved, so as to promote the rapid agglomeration of technology and talent. R&D institutions should be set up through self-construction, co-construction, merger and acquisition. Second, for areas with relatively insufficient organization conditions, technology and environment conditions should be continuously improved. We should adhere to the market orientation of technological innovation so as to give full play to the guiding role of government R&D funds. Third, for areas with relatively insufficient organization and environment conditions, we should improve technology conditions as a breakthrough. On the one hand, we should focus on the accumulation of core technologies and enhance the strength of technology innovation. On the other hand, we should optimize the talent ecosystem and accelerate the gathering of technology talents. Fourth, for areas with relatively insufficient technology conditions, organization and environment conditions should be continuously improved. We should encourage large-scale and small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises to jointly set up research and development institutions. We should also increase the proportion of government funds in R&D funds of high-tech industries, and set up a guiding fund for R&D investment of high-tech industries. Last but not the least, we should establish a unified technology market in which the release, inquiry, transaction and service of information can be conducted on some platforms.

Key words: high-tech industry, transformation of S&T achievement, TOE framework, qualitative comparative analysis