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高技术产业集聚对区域阶段创新绩效的影响研究
Research on agglomeration of high-tech industries on the staged innovation performance of regions
高技术产业集聚是地区突破发展瓶颈,开辟创新增长赛道的关键支撑,也是赋能区域创新发展的内在动力。立足创新价值链视角,基于组态思维运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),以我国30省份为研究对象,探究在区域创新基础及环境的协同作用下,专业化与多样化高技术产业集聚对区域知识生产、技术研发与成果转化三阶段创新绩效的复杂影响机制与差异化作用路径。研究发现:(1)驱动知识生产与技术研发绩效提升路径包括“多样化高技术产业集聚主导型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“综合驱动型”三类;(2)驱动成果转化绩效提升路径包含“专业化高技术产业集聚主导型”“开放环境下专业化集聚-创新基础协同型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“政府引导下研发人员弥补型”四类;(3)三阶段区域创新驱动路径的差异性在于不同高技术产业集聚类型及研发人员是否发挥核心作用;(4)东部地区与中西部地区各阶段创新绩效提升路径呈现不同特点,体现为核心主导要素的差异化激励效应。本文研究结论有助于打开高技术产业集聚对区域创新过程作用机制的“黑箱”,为我国各地区寻求更适配的阶段化创新路径提供实践参考。
High-tech industry agglomeration is the key support for the regions to break through the development bottleneck and establish the growth track of innovation, as well as the inner dynamics to empower regional innovation. Based on the perspective of innovation value chain, this paper took 30 provincial-level regions in China as the research samples, and applied the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to test. We focused on exploring the multiple paths of specialized agglomeration and diversity agglomeration of high-tech industries to improve the performance of knowledge production, technology development and innovation commercialization under the coordination of regional innovation foundation and innovation environment. Furthermore, we deeply discussed the difference and location heterogeneity of these paths. The results found that: (1) The paths driving the improvement of knowledge production performance and technology development performance include the high-tech industry diversity agglomeration-led type, the factor-pulling and environment-supported type and the comprehensively-driven type. (2) The improvement path of regional innovation commercialization performance can be identified as the high-tech industry specialization agglomeration-led type, the specialized agglomeration-innovation founded and environment-supported type, the factor-pulling and environment-supported type and the government-guided and R&D personnel compensated type. (3) Differences in three stages of regional innovation paths lie in the different types of high-tech industry agglomeration and the core role of R&D personnel. (4) The paths of innovation performance improvement at three stages in the eastern areas and the central and western regions showed different characteristics, which are reflected in the differentiated incentive effects of the dominant elements. The findings will help to open the black box of the influence mechanism of high-tech industry agglomeration on the regional innovation process, and provide practical insights for regions to seek for suitable innovation paths.
高技术产业专业化集聚 / 高技术产业多样化集聚 / 区域三阶段创新绩效 / 组态分析
specialized agglomeration of high-tech industries / diversified agglomeration of high-tech industries / three-staged innovation performance of regions / configuration analysis
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高技术产业的发展水平关系到一个国家或地区的综合竞争力，科学有效地对区域高技术产业创新过程效率进行评价，对于提升高技术产业的创新能力具有重要意义。本文运用三阶段链式关联网络DEA模型，测算了我国省级区域高技术产业创新整体效率及三个子阶段效率，对创新系统子阶段间的关联有效性以及区域创新过程效率的差异性进行了分类分析。我国高技术产业创新整体效率及三个子阶段效率都有不同程度的提升，但总体来看创新效率值都不高，特别是整体创新效率和成果转化阶段的效率较低；通过对创新效率进行分类分析，发现仅少数区域在知识生产、技术研发和成果转化三个阶段的效率都比较高，表明我国大部分地区创新效率不高，需要根据创新过程中的低效环节，采取相应措施进行改进。
The development level of high-tech industry is related to the comprehensive competitiveness of a country or region. Scientific and effective evaluation of the innovation process efficiency of regional high-tech industry is of great significance to enhance the innovation ability of high-tech industry. This paper uses the three-stage chain relational network DEA model to measure the overall efficiency and three sub stage efficiency of high-tech industry innovation in China's provincial regions, and analyzes the correlation effectiveness between the sub stages of innovation system and the differences of regional innovation process efficiency. The overall efficiency and three-stage efficiency in China's high-tech industry have been improved to varying degrees, but on the whole, the value of innovation efficiency is not high, especially in the overall innovation efficiency and the efficiency of achievement transformation. Through the classification analysis of innovation efficiency, it is found that only a few regions have relatively high efficiency in the three stages of knowledge production, technology research and development and achievement transformation, which indicates that the innovation efficiency of most regions in China is not high. It is necessary to take corresponding measures to improve according to the low efficiency link in the innovation process.
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The challenges of coming up with fresh ideas and realizing profits from them are different for every company. One firm may excel at finding good ideas but may have weak systems for bringing them to market. Another organization may have a terrific process for funding and rolling out new products and services but a shortage of concepts to develop. In this article, Hansen and Birkinshaw caution executives against using the latest and greatest innovation approaches and tools without understanding the unique deficiencies in their companies' innovation systems. They offer a framework for evaluating innovation performance: the innovation value chain. It comprises the three main phases of innovation (idea generation, conversion, and diffusion) as well as the critical activities performed during those phases (looking for ideas inside your unit; looking for them in other units; looking for them externally; selecting ideas; funding them; and promoting and spreading ideas companywide). Using this framework, managers get an end-to-end view of their innovation efforts. They can pinpoint their weakest links and tailor innovation best practices appropriately to strengthen those links. Companies typically succumb to one of three broad "weakest-link" scenarios. They are idea poor, conversion poor, or diffusion poor. The article looks at the ways smart companies - including Intuit, P&G, Sara Lee, Shell, and Siemens- modify the best innovation practices and apply them to address those organizations' individual needs and flaws. The authors warn that adopting the chain-based view of innovation requires new measures of what can be delivered by each link in the chain. The approach also entails new roles for employees "external scouts" and "internal evangelists," for example. Indeed, in their search for new hires, companies should seek out those candidates who can help address particular weaknesses in the innovation value chain.
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