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A research on evaluation of the competitive situation of key core technologies Zheng Sijia, Wang Xuefeng, Liu Yuqin, Chen Hongshu 2021, 42(10): 1-10.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.001 Abstract ( 687 )       At present, the competition of national strength increasingly shows the overall competition situation with scientific and technological competition as the core. Against the background of trade disputes between China and the United States, China is increasingly constrained by others in key basic materials, core basic components, high-end universal chips and other strategic areas. Under the current situation that China′s scientific and technological progress and industrial development are seriously threatened, it is of great practical and strategic significance to evaluate the international competition situation of key core technology for grasping the direction of tackling key problems and breaking through key core technology.In this paper, through sorting out the relationship between key core technology and high-quality core patents, the key core technology are represented by high-quality core patents, and the identification index system is constructed from three dimensions of patent technical attributes, economic attributes and legal attributes to identify key core patents. On the basis of obtaining the key core patent data, the T-SNE algorithm is innovatively introduced to mine the potential topic information in the patent text and draw the international technology competition situation map of key core technology, so as to identify the key core technology topics in the field, identify the main competitive countries and achieve the purpose of macro analysis of the competition situation in this field. At the same time, the technology gap index is constructed to quantify the size of the technology gap between China and other major competitive countries in specific technology topics, describe the technology gap between China and major competitive countries at the micro level, and evaluate China′s competitive position in specific technology topics.Firstly, this paper selects integrated circuit industry as the object to carry out empirical research. Through the identification index of key core patents, 13,116 key core patents of integrated circuit industry were finally identified. From the perspective of countries and patent ownership enterprises, this paper statistics the distribution of key core patents in the field of integrated circuit industry, and makes an overall analysis and judgment. Secondly, by drawing the competition situation map and calculating the technology gap index, the international competition situation under the specific technology topic is analyzed. The results show that the United States, Japan and South Korea occupy the main competitive position in many technical topics in the current IC field. However, China has not yet formed a technological advantage on any technical subject, and the technologies it has mastered are concentrated in the packaging and testing links，which is the downstream of the industrial value chain. In high-end manufacturing, design and other links that require a high level of production technology, China is far behind technology-leading countries.By constructing the competitive situation analysis method of key core technology, the main research conclusions of this paper include: 1) the identification method of key core technology constructed in this paper is an effective method to identify key core technology in a large number of patents, which is scientific and feasible to a certain extent. 2) The method for analyzing the competition situation of key core technology constructed in this paper changes the method for analyzing the technology competition situation using patent quantity index in previous studies. Analyzing the technological gap between China and the main competitive countries through specific numerical values can more obviously and effectively recognize the domestic and foreign competition situation, which has important guiding significance for clarifying the direction of key core technology, realizing the key core technology breakthrough and accelerating the layout of the key core technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes and evolutions of science and technology evaluation policies in China: Characteristics, subjects and collaborative networks Song Jiaojiao, Xu Fang, Meng Wei 2021, 42(10): 11-19.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.002 Abstract ( 342 )       The evaluation of Science and Technology (S&T) plays a key role in the construction of S&T environment in China. As an institutional document of S&T evaluation activities, S&T evaluation policies at the national level directly guide the practical evaluation and affect the evaluation effectiveness. Taking 484 China′s S&T evaluation policies from 1978 to 2018 as the research samples, this study analyzes and summarizes the changes and evolutions of its basic characteristics, policy subjects and collaborative networks through systematic text mining and network analysis. On the whole, the number of S&T evaluation policies in China shows a steady rising trend. After 2016, the number of policies showed the stage characteristics of "blowout" growth. Projects, organizations, personnel and funds are the top four evaluation objects. Pre-evaluation and post evaluation are the most frequently used evaluation methods. Therefore, S&T evaluation in China since the reform and opening up could be divided into four stages: the recovery and reconstruction period (1978-1984), the exploration period (1985-1997), the development period (1998-2011) and the improvement period (2012 to now). It also founds that with the deepening of the development of evaluation activities, the subjects of S&T evaluation policy show a diversified development trend, which basically covers all elements of S&T activities. However, the current S&T evaluation policies mainly focus on organization, personnel and project evaluation, and pay less attention on evaluation of S&T planning, policy and development field. The content of evaluation policy has gradually improved and enriched from the initial evaluation methods, modes and application of evaluation results to each link of the evaluation activity chain, including evaluation methods, modes, procedures, indicators, application of evaluation results, classified evaluation and constructive clauses. Among them, constructive clauses and classified evaluation have existed in different development periods of S&T evaluation since the 1980s and 1990s, and are still the high-frequency content of S&T evaluation policies so far. This shows that despite the frequent occurrence of policies, there are still some problems in policy documents, such as too many guiding and normative opinions and insufficient practical contents. The number of nodes in the collaborative networks has increased as well as the frequency of cooperation. However, the proportion of jointly issued policies in the total number of policies is not high. In most cases, each department still adopts self-made rules, which is easy to cause "fragmentation" management dilemma. In general, China′s S&T evaluation policies have formed a relatively complete evaluation system after long-term development. In the future, the government should rationally allocate policy attention and increase the evaluation of macro-objects, for example, S&T planning and policy. The executable policy documents should be restrengthened, so as to avoid the deviation of policy implementation. The government should also strengthen the coordination of institutions in order to reduce the transaction cost etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Does Overseas Talent-Attracting Program increase the research output of Chinese universities?——A study by taking the chemistry discipline of the universities of the "211 Project" Sun Yutao, Zhang Yilei 2021, 42(10): 20-27.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.003 Abstract ( 342 )        The competition among different countries is essentially a competition for talents, therefore at present many countries have taken strong measures to attract and retain talents at the high-end. Accurately evaluating the impact of the "Overseas Youth Talent-Attracting Program" (OYTP) on universities′ research output is of important practical significance for the implementation and improvement of China′s talent policy. Currently, the academic community mainly cares the development from the perspectives of the "OYTP" candidates, such as why they choose to return home from abroad, what feature the group has and how many researches they can output. However, no matter for academic staff or administrative staff, what they should be more concerned about is the output of scientific research after introduction of "OYTP" candidates. As the number of full-time "Overseas Talent-attracting Program" candidates is relatively small, it is more practical to study the full-time "OYTP" candidates. This paper takes "University of 211 Project" as the research object and adopts the method of Differences-in-Differences (DID) to analyze the influence of "OYTP" on universities′ chemical research output.After reviewing and summarizing the current research status at home and abroad, this paper refines some innovation points and proposes the following assumptions based on the theory of S&T human capital and the theory of diminishing marginal effect. H1a: "OYTP" candidates can increase the quantity of universities′ research output; H1b: "OYTP" candidates can improve the quality of universities′ research output. Considering that there are significant differences in factor endowment between universities with different academic levels, which may lead to significant differences in the effect of the same policy, the variable of academic level of universities is introduced, and H2a and H2b are therefore proposed. H2a: Compared with universities with high academic level, "OYTP" candidates play a greater role in promoting the quantity of research output of universities with low academic level. H2b: Compared with universities with high academic level, "OYTP" candidates play a greater role in promoting the quality of research output of universities with low academic level. As a talent policy, the method of DID is adopted by this paper to evaluate the policy effect of "OYTP". As of 2015, 43 universities of 211 Project that have successively introduced "OYTP" candidates in chemistry can be considered as the treatment group, and other universities of 211 Project that have not introduced "OYTP" candidates in chemistry can be considered as the control group, which the quasi-natural experiment can be conducted. Based on the research content, we constructed two analysis models and retrieved the number of papers and cited papers in chemistry in the ESI database of 95 universities from 2008 to 2017. As a result, we found a total of 399,189 papers in chemistry and the total number of paper citations was 6,746,678. Then, the CV analysis was used to extract the basic information of "OYTP" candidates such as the names, ages, introduction units and introduction batches from the list of "OYTP" to form a complete set of personal information. Based on the basic information, this paper measures whether the university introduced "OYTP" candidates in chemistry and when. The empirical analysis then leads to the following conclusions:First, "OYTP" has positively influenced the quantity and quality of universities′ research output, with the quality of output being more substantially improved. The research results show that the quantity and quality of research output of universities with the "OYTP" candidates are 0.80% and 1.11% respectively higher than those of universities without, and "OYTP" candidates play a greater role in improving the quality of universities′ research output. These "OYTP" candidates have been able to provided high-level human capital and social capital to universities, which is conductive to access to research funding as well as infrastructure improvements, and has got significant fruits in boosting research output of universities. Therefore, universities can give full play to the policy effect of the "OYTP", improve the quality of scientific research of universities by introducing "OYTP" candidates, and speed up the construction of becoming "double first-rate" universities.Second, the "OYTP" has a diminishing marginal effect on research output universities, which means the introduction of "OYTP" candidates in universities with low academic level has a greater contribution to research output compared to universities with high academic level. This provides a rapid development opportunity for universities with low academic level. Therefore, universities with low academic level should make full use of their social resources, reach an intention to introduce outstanding overseas talents, and accelerate the discipline construction and improve the level of disciplines by introducing "OYTP" candidates. Universities with relatively high academic levels can introduce "OYTP" candidates on demand, pay attention to the balance of resource allocation between returnee scientists and local scientists, reduce or even avoid the negative effects caused by unfair policy, so as to give full scope to the talents and do their best to avoid the loss of returnee scientists. Third, university research funding act as a partial intermediary between the "OYTP" and universities′ research output. The impact of the "OYTP" on universities′ research output is not transmitted exclusively through access to research funding, since the introduction of "OYTP" candidates can directly contribute to research output, particularly the quality. Therefore, on the one hand, universities should attach importance to the role of "OYTP" candidates in obtaining funding for scientific research, and increase the level of research output by increasing the scale of scientific research funding. On the other hand, universities cannot overemphasize the role of scientific research funding in promoting research output and should give full play to the human capital of "OYTP" candidates, because they can directly promote universities′ research output as a high-level human capital. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the cooperation mode of the international emerging gerontechnology Mi Lan, Huang Lucheng, Miao Hong, Wu Feifei 2021, 42(10): 28-39.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.004 Abstract ( 256 )       Population ageing is widely seen as a major challenge that drives the future of science and technology (S&T) policy and management in industrialized societies. Under the realistic background of rapid development of population aging, increasing attention is paid to the role of innovation in supporting the aging society. Science, technology and innovation are widely perceived to provide a means for solving the grand challenge of population ageing. Innovations for the elderly are usually referred to as gerontechnologies, which has been acclaimed to be the solution to the problems associated with demographic change. In addition, the acceleration of the global aging population and the highlighting of S&T globalization effectively spurred the demand for international gerontechnological cooperation, and it is urgent to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of the cooperation network. Given that, this paper constructs the international emerging gerontechnology cooperation network based on international patents data mining. In addition, this paper analyzes the topological characteristics, evolution trends and influencing factors of the cooperation networks based on the multi-scale theory of complex networks, which includes the analysis of the overall situation of complex networks, the evolution of cooperation models, and the factors affecting cooperation.The results show that cooperation network presents obvious stage and complex network characteristics at the macro level, the network scale is constantly increasing, the connectivity is enhanced, and there are large differences in the network structure at different stages. As a whole, the cooperative entities develop in a diversified and balanced way, and the cooperative relationships evolve from point-to-point to complex networks. The network size keeps increasing, and the number of nodes and times of cooperation significantly increase, international cooperation in the field of emerging gerontechnology has become more frequent and closer. From the meso-level, the center of the cooperation network gradually transitioned from the initial individual to the main body of Industry-University-Research, and the absolute dominance of the low breadth-low depth cooperation model has gradually weakened, the high breadth-high depth cooperation model has rapidly increased. In addition, cooperation modes between different types of patentees present different evolutionary paths, but the overall cooperation depth and breadth continue to deepen. At the micro level, among the influencing factors of the cooperation network formation, technological innovation ability has no significant influence all the time, while geographical proximity has a significant promotion effect. In addition, the promotion effect of patentee type, cooperation breadth and technology similarity is gradually weakened, while the inhibition effect of technology complementarity is continuously enhanced. Finally, combined with the research conclusions, we put forward some specific suggestions for China′s active participation in global gerontechnological cooperation. The innovation of our paper is to construct the international emerging gerontechnology cooperation network based on patents data mining, including institution cooperation network, technology co-occurrence network, and country-technology two-mode network, and systematically analyzes the overall structural characteristics and formation mechanism. This paper contributes to our understanding of the characteristics and affecting factors of the international gerontechnology cooperation, as well as the decision reference for the R&D innovation of the aging society. Related Articles | Metrics

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Industry-university-institute basic research cooperation, selection of fiscal and tax incentives and breakthrough innovation of enterprises Jiang Shuyang, Zhuang Yaming, Ding Lei 2021, 42(10): 40-47.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.005 Abstract ( 325 )        As the source of technological innovation, basic research is an important channel to break the boundary of innovation application ability. How to promote the effective development of basic research has become an important issue of concern to the government and scholars. Basic research is not aimed at any specific application, it is difficult to trigger the motivation of enterprises to invest independently. At the same time, the distribution of the existing resources of basic research makes the industry-university-institute basic research cooperation become an important way for enterprises to efficiently obtain the relevant results of basic research and improve their independent innovation ability. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the effective advancement of basic research from the perspective of industry-university-institute cooperation to solve the generic technology problems of related industries.This paper introduces two kinds of fiscal policies into the incentive framework. Based on the data of information and communication technology (ICT) in China from 2004 to 2018 as observation samples, hierarchical and grouped regression methods are adopted to focus on the differentiation effect of R&D subsidies and tax breaks in basic research cooperation. On this basis, the interaction law under different fiscal policies combinations is discussed in combination with incentive theory.Firstly, based on the complementarity of innovation subjects, this study discusses the significance of industry-university-institute basic research cooperation on the acquisition of breakthrough innovation of enterprises. On the whole, close cooperation between industry and research institutions in basic research is helpful for enterprises to obtain high-quality innovation breakthroughs.Secondly, based on the characteristic differences of fiscal and tax policies, this study discusses the heterogeneity of the incentive effect of fiscal and tax policies on the basic research cooperation of industry-university-institute. It is found that due to the differences in the mechanism, direction and controllability of incentive modes, R&D subsidies can promote the smooth progress of basic research cooperation, while tax breaks inhibit this process.Thirdly, considering the fiscal and tax policy combinations, this study explores the differences in the incentive effects of tax breaks under different R&D subsidy levels. It is found that when R&D subsidy level is in the middle level, tax break can play a positive incentive role, and the complementary effect of fiscal policies combinations can be formed.As the focus of innovation continues to move forward, relevant government departments should pay attention to the cooperation practice of industry-university-institute basic research, and rationally use fiscal and tax policies to encourage it. The research results give the following enlightenment. Firstly, the cooperation among industry, university and research institute in basic research is beneficial for enterprises to achieve the collaboration of internal and external R&D forces. Secondly, as an innovative behavior of anti-market mechanism, the fiscal and tax policy support in the coordination of basic research cooperation should take the lead in providing stable R&D subsidies. Finally, the government should continue to optimize the fiscal policies support system in the basic research cooperation among enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, improving the allocation efficiency of public resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the impact of technology flows and innovation network on regional innovation capability Liang Lina, Yu Bo 2021, 42(10): 48-55.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.006 Abstract ( 318 )      With the deepening of open innovation, global technology cooperation methods have become diversified, resource flow patterns have become networked, and the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of countries have gradually increased. However, there is still a large gap in the innovation level of high-tech industries among various regions of our country, and most regions are still in the state of "technical catch-up". At the same time, the "island phenomenon" in our country′s scientific and technological innovation have interrupted the knowledge transmission chain between various innovation subjects, which in turn led to inadequate capabilities in various regions to acquire, diffuse and apply knowledge. Therefore, it has become an important theoretical issue that determines the rapid development of the region to clarify how to break through the obstacles to innovation and cooperation in each region, and solve the problems of insufficient regional development resources and scattered information resources. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2013 to 2018, this paper constructs a model to discuss the mechanism of regional innovation networks and technology flows of high-tech enterprises on regional innovation capability. Furthermore, this study analyzes the impact of high-tech enterprise technology flow on regional innovation development in regions with different innovation network levels, and then uses a threshold model to analyze the changing trend of technology output and technology absorption of high-tech enterprises in the technology market with the improvement of the level of regional innovation network. The empirical results show that:Firstly, regional innovation networks, high-tech enterprise′s technology output and technology absorption contribute to the improvement of regional innovation capabilities, but their mechanisms and intensities of the impact are different. The innovation network achieves the improvement of regional innovation capabilities by making up for the shortcomings of resource shortages among various innovation subjects. The strength is the strongest. The technology absorption of high-tech enterprises relies on the effects of "endogenous growth of technology" and "optimized resource allocation" to promote the improvement of regional innovation capabilities, with the intensity followed. The technology output of high-tech enterprises relies on the effects of "market competition" and "optimized resource allocation" to enhance regional innovation capabilities, with the weakest intensity. Secondly, compared with regions having underdeveloped innovation networks, high-tech enterprises in regions with developed innovation networks have positive self-reinforcing mechanisms for technological innovation, but the power of innovation networks is slightly weaker. In areas with developed innovation networks, high-tech enterprises need to transfer valuable technologies to activate positive feedback that high-tech enterprises enhance regional innovation capabilities, and then maintain the competitive advantages they have obtained. In regions with underdeveloped innovation networks, innovative members promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by building a collaborative network structure. In regions with developed innovation networks, innovative members rely on joining the multi-interactive cooperative network to maintain innovation advantages. Thirdly, whether the innovation network is developed or underdeveloped, the impact of technology absorption on regional innovation capabilities is greater than technology output. Technology absorption of high-tech enterprises actively seeks out their own technological deficiencies, precisely introduces and absorbs heterogeneous technologies, finally breaks through the dilemma of insufficient innovation. The technology output of high-tech enterprises is usually based on the economic benefits of technology applications to passively select technologies with profitable prospects, and tend to repeatedly provide technologies that they are good at to the technology market. Therefore, the passive innovation of technology output of high-tech enterprises plays a weaker role in promoting regional innovation capabilities.Finally, with the evolution of the level of regional innovation network, the technology flow of high-tech enterprises has an increasingly weak impact on regional innovation capability. Compared with the high cost of technology transaction, the closely interactive network relationship makes each innovation subject choose to carry out adaptive cooperative innovation with other innovation subjects based on their interest demands, obtain complementary innovation resources, and solve the innovation gap caused by information stickiness, which has the absolute advantage of low cost.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of entrepreneur status and R&D investment in family businesses Xu Weibin, Jian Yalan, Yan Zichun 2021, 42(10): 56-66.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.007 Abstract ( 258 )    Family business is an important force in the development of China′s private economy. In the process of development, the influence of entrepreneurs on the R&D investment behavior of family business is a realistic and important issue related to the sustainable and steady development of family business and private economy. Based on this, this paper analyzes how entrepreneurs′ sense of identity to their own status affects enterprise R&D investment. The results show that the entrepreneurs′ sense of identity is the main driving force affecting the R&D investment, and with the strengthening of the entrepreneur′s sense of identity, the enterprises will improve their R&D investment level. This relationship will be affected by the political and commercial costs of maintenance and political ties. Specifically, the higher the political and commercial costs of maintenance, the more significant the positive relationship between entrepreneur status identification and firm R&D investment; In the entrepreneur group lacking political ties, the positive impact of entrepreneur status identification on firm R&D investment is more significant.The research contributions of this paper are shown in the following aspects: First, it is helpful to deepen the theoretical understanding of the pre-motivation of family firm R&D investment. This paper gives a new description of the dominant logic from "entrepreneur′s individual will" to "firm′s R&D behavior" from the perspective of theoretical frontier by combining higher-order theory and relative deprivation theory. Thus, it overcomes the problem of long causal chain and "black box of demographic background" caused by indirect measurement of potential psychological characteristic variables in previous studies. It provides a different deconstruction logic for the motivation of family business R&D investment, and also provides a new perspective and theoretical explanation for "understanding the decision-making behavior of family business from the perspective of individuals".Second, it enriches the relevant research on entrepreneur status identification. In this study, the discussion of entrepreneur status identification is to link entrepreneur status identification with R&D investment decisions, and to place the understanding of entrepreneur status identification in the interaction process between this group and political factors, revealing how entrepreneur status identification is affected by political and commercial costs and political ties. It not only can reflect the social transition of political factors influence on the micro individual behavior, also helps to identify and test the entrepreneur status identity context condition affecting enterprise development decision, help status identification problem for Chinese entrepreneurs, and even the long-term development of family business problem is given a micro-level annotation.Third, it complements the research literature on the personal traits of managers and further enriches and expands the research on the higher-order theory. Existing researches on the characteristics of managers ignoring managers′ identification perception of their own status. This study finds that entrepreneur status identification is an important factor affecting long-term decision-making behavior of enterprises, which helps to enrich and expand the research on "why" and "how" managers′ background characteristics influence enterprise decision-making, and thus helps to further enrich the research on higher-order theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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The fitting effect of the authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship Wei Liping, Chen Demian 2021, 42(10): 67-76.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.008 Abstract ( 357 )       Few research has been conducted to discuss the relationship between authentic leadership and authentic followership while existing research mainly dominated by "leader-centered" or "follower-centered" viewpoints. In fact, at the beginning of the theoretical construction, authentic leader and authentic follower have been regarded as a whole, not only leaders but also followers have been emphasized to develop authenticity. When leaders and followers cherish each other and strive to achieve their own authenticity, they will establish fruitful partnerships, and the interaction between each other may emerge higher effectiveness. Although several studies have put authentic leadership and authentic followership into the same framework to discuss the effect of the authenticity from leaders to followers, and several scholars have examined the interaction effect between authentic leadership and authentic followership, there has been no research on the leader-follower fit. Therefore, can the authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship achieve an ideal effect? The purpose of this paper is to examine how authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship affects follower psychological capital from a dyadic perspective. Authentic leadership is defined as a leader′s behavior pattern: using and promoting positive psychological ability and creating moral atmosphere, leaders can develop greater self-awareness, balanced processing, internalized moral perspective and relational transparency, and promote followers′ positive development. The components can be explained as follows: (a) Self-awareness, which implies awareness of one′s own strengths and limitations, and how they impacts others; (b) Balanced processing, which means not distorting or ignoring information, and impartially analyzes the pertinent data before making any decisions; (c) Internalized moral perspective, which means a high standard for moral and ethical behavior in accordance with internalized values; and (d) Relational transparency, which means maintaining relations with collaborators based on explicitly and openly sharing information and display accurate thoughts and feelings. Construct of authentic followership is also comprised of four dimensions including self-awareness, balanced processing, internalized moral perspective and relational transparency.As we all know, authenticity is a degree variable. That is to say, neither complete authentic people, nor complete unauthentic. According to this, authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship can be divided into four types: "high authentic leadership-high authentic followership", "low authentic leadership-low authentic followership", "high authentic leadership-low authentic followership", and "low authentic leadership-high authentic followership". Among them, the combination of "high-high" and "low-low" can be regarded as the consistent expression of authentic behaviors. The combination of "high-low" and "low-high" can be regarded as the inconsistency of authentic behaviors.Based on this, this study tries to propose a model, which takes leader-follower congruence/incongruence in authentic behavior as the predictive variable and follower psychological capital as the outcome variable, including leader-member exchange as a mediator and security attachment as a moderator. Psychological capital can be defined as: "An individual′s positive psychological state in the process of growth and development, including confidence (self-efficacy), hope, optimism and resilience. Studies have shown that leader′s psychological capital is the premise of the development of authentic leadership and helps promote authentic behavior. And follower′s psychological capital is the key composition and result of authentic leadership effectiveness, which is helpful to the performance of followers. In addition, psychological capital is regarded as a proximal outcome variable, because it is an important predictor of key attitudes, behaviors and performance in workplace.The data are collected from several different organizations using questionnaire survey responses from 419 leader-follower relationship in China. Polynomial regression combined with the response surface methodology is used to test the hypotheses. Four conclusions are drawn. First, leader-follower congruence in authentic behavior has a significant influence on follower psychological capital. And in the case of congruence, psychological capital is higher when leader authenticity and follower authenticity are aligned in "high-high" level than "low-low" level. In addition, leader-follower incongruence in authentic behavior also significantly affects follower psychological capital. And in the case of incongruence, there is a significant difference in two scenarios: compared with the "high-low" fit in authentic behavior, the "low-high" fit has a greater positive effect on psychological capital. Second, leader-follower congruence in authentic behavior has a significant influence on LMX. And in the case of congruence, LMX is higher when leader authenticity and follower authenticity are both high rather than low. In addition, leader-follower incongruence in authentic behavior also significantly affects LMX. And in the case of incongruence, there is no significant difference for the level of authenticity in two scenarios: "high-low" combination and "low-high" combination. Third, LMX partially mediates the leader-follower congruence/incongruence effect of authentic behavior on follower psychological capital. Finally, the moderating effect of security attachment on the relationship between leader-follower congruence/incongruence in authentic behavior and psychological capital is not significant. The possible reasons are as follows: Although secure attachment has a reinforcing moderation effect on the relationship between authentic leadership and psychological capital. But it has a weakening moderation effect on the relationship between authentic followership and psychological capital due to the crowding out effect of authenticity. These two opposite moderation effects may be against each other, which may lead to the moderation effect of secure attachment not obvious.This study provides a relatively balanced dual perspective to understand more relationships and outcomes in the authentic leadership field. And LMX as a possible path mechanism is proposed and tested to help better understanding how authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship affects psychological capital. In addition, "behavioral fit" has not received enough attention in the existing "fit" research. This study complements the behavioral orientation of "fit" research by examining the effect of authentic behavior in the leader-follower relationship on psychological capital.From this study, we can conclude that the development of authentic followership is the same importance as the development of authentic leadership, which contributing to a deeper understanding of authentic leadership development. On the whole, authentic leadership is the starting point. However, how to develop authentic leadership is still the primary problem for organizations to think about and solve. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of venture capital network community information  transmission on investment performance Xue Chaokai, Dang Xinghua, Yao Xi 2021, 42(10): 77-84.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.009 Abstract ( 156 )       Venture capital (VC) provides growth funds and management services for innovative start-ups. It is an important driving force for the development of high-tech industries, and it is the engine of technological change, industrial upgrading, and economic growth. VCs frequently jointly invest with others in syndicated investments that result in VC networks. The VC network has an important impact on VC investment decisions and investment performance. Existing research indicates that the VC network has the function of information transmission, and but to the best of our knowledge, no research has investigated it as an independent variable. In addition, related research on VC networks has expanded from the ego network (micro-level) perspective and the global network (macro-level) perspective to the network community (meso-level) perspective. Based on this, this paper investigates whether the community information transmission helps VC to overcome information asymmetry and development uncertainty, and thus improve its investment performance.This paper believes that moderate project information transmission can enable community members to obtain more project flows and appropriately invest in emerging industries, early stage, and outland regional start-ups, reducing costs of project screening and extracting excess returns, thereby improving investment performance. However, excessive information transmission will lead to information redundancy, increasing costs of project screening and bring information asymmetry due to investment in emerging industries, early stage, and outland regional, thus reducing investment performance. The more experience information transmission, the stronger screening capability and value-added capability of community members. This can select higher quality start-ups and provide better value-added services. They will further promote the high-quality development of start-ups, promote the success of start-ups, and provide its investment performance.Knowledge acquisition bridges the gap between information transmission and investment performance. Knowledge acquisition becomes an important mechanism for the transformation of VC community project information transmission or experience information transmission to investment performance. Therefore, we believe that knowledge acquisition will play a mediating role in project information transmission, experience information transmission, and investment performance. A highly absorbing VC can selectively learn, absorb and use the beneficial knowledge transformed by the project information and experience information of its community partners, and will maximize the refinement, internalization, and absorption of the acquired knowledge. This will enable them to screen for better quality start-ups and provide them with high-quality value-added services. However, on the other hand, VCs with strong absorptive capacity are more susceptible to historical experience or their own resources, which creates obstacles for refining, internalizing and absorbing new knowledge or new resources. This will have a negative adjustment between knowledge acquisition and investment performance.Using data from CVsource Database during the period from 2000 to 2015, we explore the impacts on and mechanisms of venture capital network community information transmission on investment performance. We find that the information transmission has a significant impact on investment performance, that is, the project information transmission has a significant inverted U-shaped impact on investment performance; the experience information transmission has a significant positive impact on investment performance. Moreover, knowledge acquisition plays a partial intermediary role in the relationship between community project information transmission or experience information transmission and investment performance. The absorptive capacity will negatively moderate the impact of knowledge acquisition on investment performance. The above results mean that information transmission can not only directly affect investment performance, but also have an indirect effect on investment performance through knowledge acquisition and absorption.The contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, this paper examines the determinants of VC investment performance from the perspective of the network community. The existing research mainly studies the impact of VC network attributes on investment performance from the ego network (micro-level) perspective and the global network (macro-level) perspective. This paper examines the impact mechanism of VC network community information transmission on investment performance and is a new attempt to study the factors affecting investment performance from the perspective of network community (meso-level). Second, this paper demonstrates the role of community information transmission in the VC process. The existing research only points out that the VC network has the function of information transmission, but does not take information transmission as an independent variable to conduct in-depth research. This paper examines the impact of project information transmission and experience information transmission on investment performance and provides empirical evidence of community information on investment performance. Third, this paper promotes research on the formation mechanism of the VC network. The VC network formed by syndication but lacks evidence on the mechanism of network formation. This paper demonstrates the role of building the VC network community to enhance investment performance from the perspective of information transmission and enriches and expands the research on VC network theory.The theoretical significance of this research is reflected in the enrichment and expansion of relevant research on information transmission theory, and at the same time, it helps to open up a new perspective for the theoretical research of the VC network from the perspective of the network community. This study provides theoretical support for the optimization and improvement of information transmission behaviors of VC network communities. The practical significance of this research is reflected in the practical guidance for VC to carry out effective information transmission activities in the context of VC communities. This research has important inspiration and practical guidance for VC to improve investment performance and promote its own development. 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A research on selection of the technology innovation mode of enterprises Wang Jianwen, Fan Lili, Liu Lu 2021, 42(10): 85-96.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.010 Abstract ( 212 )   Technological innovation is not only the main source of economic growth, but also an important way for enterprises to improve performance and gain competitive advantage. However, with the accelerated development of global economic integration in the 21st century, the complexity of the innovation environment and the dynamics of market changes are increasing day by day. The previous closed and inefficient innovation model is becoming more and more difficult to meet the needs of innovation and development. How to choose a scientific and effective innovation mode has become a problem that people pay more and more attention to. Therefore, the academic circles have done a lot of research on the relationship between innovation model and innovation performance. It shows that the innovation mode is the core strategy of the enterprise, and the choice of innovation mode is the key factor to determine the performance. Previous studies mainly focused on the classification method of innovation mode, influencing factors of mode selection, the choice of innovation mode for different types of enterprises, the selection method and path of innovation mode and so on. But previous researches have mainly investigated the influence of a single factor on the choice of innovation mode, with a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the selection mechanism of innovation mode under the joint action of many factors. And there is no reasonable functional relationship to describe the decisive effect of factor combination on performance. Accordingly, based on the classic definition of Schumpeter′s that innovation is the establishment of new production function, namely the new integration of production factors by entrepreneurs, this paper constructs an innovation performance function Wi= Fi (X1, X2, ……Xn) to systematically study the principles and methods of selecting the optimal technological innovation mode of enterprises. This function integrates three key variables, namely, innovation performance (Wi), innovation model (Fi) and innovation elements (X1, X2, ……Xn), which determine the choice of enterprise technological innovation mode in the same functional framework. What′s more, we take Sichuan Baijiu enterprises as a sample. By constructing the evaluation index system of technological innovation related variables and the selection model of innovation mode, we empirically analyze the selection process of optimal innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises.The following findings are obtained in this paper. Firstly, we put forward the innovation mode to integrate the innovation elements and get the principle of innovation performance. The innovation performance function, in which Fi is the integration relation equation about (X1, X2, ……Xn), shows that when all kinds of innovation elements of an enterprise remain unchanged, different integration of these elements will bring different innovation performance to the enterprise. The mode of technological innovation is the way to integrate the elements of innovation, so Fi is the technological innovation mode. Secondly, the principle of solving the optimal technological innovation model of enterprises is obtained. When the enterprise innovation elements (X1, X2, ……Xn) are established under the condition of values, enterprise technology innovation mode of F*i that can bring the biggest innovation performance W* should be considered as the optimal technological innovation mode. Generally speaking, function fitting needs that we assume the function model in advance, but in fact, there are often too many factors that affect the choice of innovation mode, so we couldn′t use the specific function relationship to describe the optimal integration function F*i. As the specific relation equation of F*i is difficult to clearly defined, the solution process of Fi in this paper is regarded as a black box system, only focusing on the final results of the optimal innovation model rather than the specific solving process. The optimal innovation model is found by fitting the sample data. Thirdly, a three-dimensional spatial structure model for solving the optimal innovation model of enterprises is established. In order to reflect the complex systematic characteristics, based on the perspective of the organizational boundary of the enterprise, we divide the innovation elements (X1, X2 …… Xn) into three dimensions, that is, internal innovation resource input (X), internal innovation capability (Y) and enterprise external innovation environment (Z). Then the innovation performance function is changed to Wi= Fi (X, Y, Z). At the same time, the three-dimensional spatial structure model is established with X, Y, Z as the coordinate axis. Fourthly, this paper systematically discusses the specific fitting method of the optimal technological innovation model F*i of sample enterprises. That is, in order to fit the function F*i, it is necessary to collect a sufficient number of sample enterprise data (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi), and then divide enterprises into different spatial areas K (K=1, 2, …… m) according to the different levels of their innovation elements, based on the concepts of "strength" and "grading". In other words, enterprises with the same level of innovation elements are in the same space area. In this way, as the innovation elements are the same in each region, as long as the innovation performance Wi, brought by different innovation models Fi, is compared, the F*i that brings the greatest innovation performance is the optimal innovation model of enterprises in this region. And so on, as long as we find out the optimal innovation model of each region, we can get a complete selection model of the optimal technological innovation model. According to the optimal innovation mode selection model of an enterprise, as long as the level of innovation elements of an enterprise is evaluated and the corresponding space area is found, the optimal innovation model of the enterprise can be found. Finally, according to this model, 286 sample technological innovation data of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises were collected. At the same time, the evaluation index system of selecting related variables (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi) for technological innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises was established. Through the evaluation of the sample enterprises, we construct the selection model of the optimal technological innovation model of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises, and then empirically analyze the selection process of the optimal technological innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises.At the end of this paper, the research contents are summarized, and the following improvement suggestions are put forward. First of all, innovation performance is the standard to measure the advantages and disadvantages of technological innovation model. By using the optimal technological innovation mode selection model constructed in this paper, it is more convenient to find the optimal technological innovation model of the target enterprise. However, the solution method is based on the "fitting" method, it must be supported by enough enterprise sample data. The establishment and improvement of enterprise technological innovation database is helpful for enterprises to find the optimal innovation model and then obtain the best innovation performance. In addition, the solving principle of enterprise optimal innovation mode in this paper can effectively enhance the fitting effect of optimal innovation model F*i and improve the accuracy of optimal innovation mode selection by perfecting and optimizing the evaluation index system of relevant variables (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi). Last but not the least, enterprise technological innovation and its mode choice is a dynamic process. If the conditions of the internal and external factors of the enterprise change, the previous optimal innovation model may not be the present optimal. Therefore, the optimal technological innovation model of enterprises must be re-selected according to the changed factors and conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of CAS-industry collaboration on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements Guo Ying, Lian Xiangpeng, Xi Xiaowen 2021, 42(10): 97-103.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.011 Abstract ( 224 )       How to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements (TS&TA) has become a hot research topic in China. Some researches discuss about the way of enhancing the efficiency of technology transfer, such as taking technology achievements as investment into incorporated companies for shares, starting university spin-offs, establishing technology transfer offices, etc. Though these methods provide universities some insights to commercialize their technologies, the rate of technology transfer is still not high in China. Recently, it is noticed that the Industry-University-Research Institutes Cooperation (I-U-RIC) which helps fill the information barriers between research organizations and companies may become a new method to promote the TS&TA. I-U-RIC could give deeply insights for the companies on whether a technology match the market demand or not. Many studies propose different viewpoints about how the I-U-RIC influence the TS&TA, but there are few empirical studies. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the national academy for the natural sciences of China, and it plays a vital role in the innovation system of China. However, there are few studies pay attention to the CAS′s transformation of scientific and technological achievements. To fill the gap, this paper endeavors to explore the impact of CAS-Industry Collaboration (CAS-IC) on the TS&TA. The complex network analysis is widely used in the analysis of I-U-RIC, and its various statistical indicators have good capability of description as well as prediction. In this paper, we use the complex network analysis to describe the CAS-IC network. Combining with regression analysis, we test how the small-world property of I-RIC network influence the total technology transfer of CAS from the macro-perspective. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of centrality and structural holes of single research institute on its own technology transfer.Our empirical study shows that the CAS-IC is helpful to promote the TS&TA for CAS. Firstly, the small world property of whole CAS-IC network has a significant positive effect on the TS&TA. Small world refers to the network who has high clustering coefficient and short average path length at same time. In other words, on the one hand, each node in the network connects closely with nodes surrounding, and on the other hand, there would be short path for each node to arrive at other nodes not around it. Small world network is better than regular network in terms of information flow and resources integration. Due to the high clustering coefficient, the connections among nodes are close so lead to improve the efficiency and accuracy of information communication. Moreover, due to the small average path length, it is convenient for nodes to obtain fresh and non-redundant information from remote nodes. When the small world property of I-RIC network enhances, the information communication between the whole CAS and companies becomes closely and efficient. Companies could understand which research institute has the proper technologies they need through this close collaboration, and research institutes could get more information about what is the real technical demand of companies and adjust their research direction to meet company′s demand. Secondly, for local network, the centrality of one research institute in the CAS-IC network demonstrates a positive and statistically significant influence on its TS&TA. Lack of trust to the research organizations is one barrier for TS&TA. Furthermore, company cannot accurately evaluate the market value of one technology merely depending on the instruction from CAS within a short time. Moreover, the R&D goal of companies and CAS is totally different which would make it more difficult to use new technologies in the process of production directly. In the I-RIC network, research institutes with high centrality indicates that they have formed a stable and close relationship with companies, which can bring more understanding and trust to both sides. In addition, companies and CAS′s research institutes can accumulate technological base through collaboration, and companies don′t need to invest too much capital and people for a second innovation. In this way, companies can transform the new technologies into production with low cost.Thirdly, the structural holes of research institute do not have significant impact on the TS&TA. Different with centrality, structural holes represent the diversity of information. Previous studies propose that high structural holes help research organizations gain various information from partners in different fields. But in this paper, we find companies almost are in the same fields with CAS′s research institutes they purchase technologies from. Thus, what CAS′s TS&TA need is the stable information from companies in specific fields.In summary, this article finds that the industry and research institutes collaboration is an efficient way to promote the TS&TA in the case of CAS. We believe the collaboration can break the information barriers between industry and academic circles. Not only technology information but also technology base and trust between companies and research institutes can be established through collaboration. Policy maker should introduce a series of measures to encourage research institutes to directly participate in industry and research institutes collaboration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of power structure on cooperative innovation and inter-organizational cooperative behaviors: A knowledge chain perspective Zhang Hua, Gu Xin, Wang Tao, Ke Ge 2021, 42(10): 104-112.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.012 Abstract ( 202 )      The new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation is restructuring the world′s economic landscape. Cultivating a technological innovation system composed of innovators such as firms, universities, and intermediary organizations has become an important way for most countries to face global competition. The knowledge-based view highlights that knowledge is the core element of technological innovation, and promoting knowledge transfer among diversified innovators is not only the endogenous power to shape the firms′ competitive advantage but also a critical approach to enhance the efficiency of cooperative innovation. In many industries, cooperative innovation among firms, universities, and intermediary organizations has generated a knowledge chain that crosses organizational boundaries and realizes technological innovation and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements by absorbing and using heterogeneous knowledge of each other. Therefore, analyzing the value co-creation mechanism and interactive behaviors of cooperative innovation among diversified innovators will arouse significant theoretical and practical value from the perspective of the knowledge chain.Inter-organizational power structure is an important factor affecting the efficiency of value co-creation and cooperation, but few studies have paid attention to the influence of power structure on technological innovation and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. This study investigates a knowledge chain consisting of a firm, a university, and an intermediary organization from the perspective of knowledge transfer. We employ dynamic game models to analyze the impact of the change of leadership on the efficiency of cooperative innovation in the knowledge chain by focusing on four power structure scenarios: centralized decision (C), firm-Stackelberg (FL), intermediary organization-Stackelberg (IL), and university-Stackelberg (UL). The results show that being a leader will help an organization enhance its knowledge creation, profit, and pricing advantage, but reduce the profitability of its partners. The innovativeness of knowledge chain members is positively related to the knowledge creation of their partners and the overall profit of the knowledge chain. We also find that knowledge creation and profit of the knowledge chain under the centralized decision scenario are higher than those under decentralized decision scenarios. In terms of market demand and total profit of the knowledge chain, the FL model is the optimal power structure of the knowledge chain under decentralized decision scenarios. This study makes three key contributions to the literature. First, we describe knowledge transfer between innovators as a knowledge chain that crosses the boundaries of diversified organizations (e.g., firm, university, and intermediary organization), and examine the impact of knowledge transfer and innovators′ behavior on innovation performance under different power structures, thus providing a novel research perspective for innovation management literature. Second, this study employs dynamic game models to analyze the impact of power structure on inter-organizational technological innovation and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, which is conducive to a better understanding of the value co-creation mechanism of cooperative innovation. Third, our findings expand previous research on the knowledge-based view by revealing the optimal power structure and game equilibrium of the knowledge chain.Our study provides several strategic implications for managers on how to manage cooperative innovation practices. First, the firm-Stackelberg model can be the preferred power structure for the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements in cooperative innovation. To enhance the efficiency of cooperation, firms should timely grasp the market demand and technological change, improve the innovation ability and master the coordination and management skills of inter-organizational cooperation; to help firms exploit the commercial value of scientific and technological achievements, the government should build an institutional environment conducive to knowledge transfer and support the development of intermediary organizations such as technology assessment, technology consulting, and entrepreneurial services. Second, our results show that the cooperation efficiency of the knowledge chain depends on the innovation capabilities of its members. Therefore, knowledge chain members should not only improve each other's innovation ability but also pay attention to the cultivation of formal and informal governance mechanisms to establish closer cooperation. Third, we find that knowledge creation and profit of the knowledge chain under the centralized decision scenario are better than decentralized decision scenarios. Although the centralized decision is usually regarded as a special case of integration strategy by firms in theoretical research and industrial practice, when firms face crucial decisions (e.g., strategic transformation and radical innovation), the integration strategy will help them realize technological innovation and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. Key words:  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the impacts of consumer participation in innovation on supply chain value creation Meng Qingchun, Zhang Zheng, Wang Yingtong 2021, 42(10): 113-121.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.013 Abstract ( 229 )       In the era of network economy, competition among enterprises gradually turns into comprehensive competition among supply chains, so the focus of supply chain management is how to maintain and improve the competitive advantage of supply chain. From the perspective of representation, the competitive advantage of supply chain mainly depends on the operation efficiency of supply chain, and the essence of competitive advantage is derived from supply chain value system. Constantly improving the difference and creativity of the supply chain value system has become the key to the long-term survival and stable development of the supply chain. Moreover, the difference of supply chain value system is closely related to the value creation of enterprises and consumers. In the process of innovation practice, some enterprises have realized that if they can create value in company with consumers, they will win more sustainable advantages for enterprises and their supply chains. Therefore, enterprises begin to introduce consumers to participate in innovation, and the status of consumers has undergone a major change accordingly. They have more voice and initiative than ever before. It thus has become an important means for some enterprises to improve their innovation efficiency and gain competitive advantage by treating consumers as partners and engaging them in the process of innovation. However, affected by some relevant factors, this innovation mode may have negative effects on enterprises. It has attracted people′s attention to see whether this mode can be adopted in order to enhance the value of the enterprise and the supply chain. So far, the existing literatures generally think that consumer participation in innovation is beneficial to the improvement of enterprises benefit, but it does not clarify its specific impact on the value creation of supply chain. To this end, based on the relevant literatures on the supply chain value and consumer participation in innovation, this paper innovatively incorporates consumer participation in innovation into the supply chain value creation system, and researches the specific impact of consumer participation in innovation on supply chain value creation. In order to better describe the actual process of consumers participating in innovation, in terms of model setting, this paper no longer regards consumers as a homogeneous unity, but as heterogeneous individuals. These heterogeneous individuals are divided into two groups: participating and non-participating in innovation. Then, based on the basic utility of consumers, the proportion of consumer participation, the degree of participation, and the payment cost of enterprises are considered by applying bi-level programming to construct the supply chain value creation model of consumer participation in innovation. Finally, we obtain the optimal supply chain value and the value of each participant in supply chain by this model. Comparison these optimal values with relevant optimum value in the case of manufacturer′s individual innovation, we analyze the effects of consumer participation in innovation in the creation of supply chain value, and focus on the impact of the proportion of consumer participation and degree of consumer participation on supply chain value system. At the same time, in order to ensure the integrity of the research, the possible decision-making behavior of manufacturer and the manufacturer value are also analyzed under different payment cost. The main results are as follows.First of all, consumer participation in manufacturer′s innovation has a positive impact on the creation of supply chain value, supplier value and consumer value. Meanwhile, these values change in the same direction with the degree and proportion of consumer participation. That is to say, as the degree and proportion of consumer participation increase, the value of supply chain, supplier and consumer increase. This shows that manufacturers introducing consumer participation in innovation can be another way of supply chain value creation. In order to create more supply chain value, it is necessary for enterprises to change the innovative thinking, open the innovation boundary, and establish an open and win-win concept of innovation. By integrating external consumer innovation resources, innovation efficiency is enhanced, consumer demand is met, and market share is expanded.Secondly, influence by factors such as the degree of consumer participation and the payment cost of manufacturer, consumer participation in innovation is not always conducive to manufacturer value creation. To be specific, if the payment cost of manufacturer is low and the degree of consumer participation is high, and the manufacturer benefits more than his independent innovation, then he will choose to introduce consumers to participate in innovation. If the payment cost of manufacturer is extremely high and the degree of consumer participation is low, which results in negative earnings, then the manufacturer will choose independent innovation. When the payment cost of manufacturer is low, and his income is lower than that of independent innovation, but makes ends meet. In order to improve the level of product innovation, competitive advantage and pursue long-term interests, some manufacturers will also choose to introduce consumers to participate in innovation. This explains why only some enterprises choose to introduce consumers to participate in innovation and clarifies the importance of making reasonable compensation when enterprises cooperate and innovate with consumers.Finally, when consumers participate in innovation, manufacturer value change in the same direction with the degree of consumer participation. That means that the increase in consumer participation is conducive to manufacturer value creation. However, due to the impact of related factors such as the payment cost, only when the payment cost meets certain conditions, the manufacturer value will change in the same direction with the scale of consumer participation. In other words, the increase in the scale of consumer participation is beneficial to the manufacturer value creation. When the payment cost of the manufacturer is extremely high, the created value is inversely related to the ratio of consumers participating in innovation. That is to say, the increase in the scale of consumer participation is not always conducive to the value creation of manufacturers. This shows that enterprises should pay more attention to guide consumers to participate deeply and increase their input while making a reasonable payment, rather than blindly expanding the number of participants. Otherwise, it will increase the payment cost and reduce the value of enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the new product diffusion model under the brand spillover effect——A study by taking movies as an example Xia Weiguo, Zhang Xu, Hou Guangming 2021, 42(10): 122-130.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.014 Abstract ( 219 )    In recent years, brand spillover effect has exerted significant impact on new product diffusion (NPD). The NPD research needs to be adapted to the development of management situation. It is essential to stress the influence of brand spillover effect on NPD, and to make full use of brand spillover effect to improve the prediction performance. The existing research neglect the brand spillover effect and the application in market demand prediction. Therefore, we introduce brand spillover effect into the classic Bass model, extend the model from two aspects of brand cumulative effect and brand proportion effect. Then we establish the NPD model on brand spillover effect called BBM. Moreover, we analyze the properties of the solution and find the main law of NPD on the two effects. Based on it, we choose 47 American sequel movies between 2016 and 2017 to make empirical analysis. The main research conclusion includes the following four aspects: firstly, brand proportion effect and brand cumulative effect are two main effects of brand spillover effect on NPD. Under the influence of brand spillover effect, the innovation group can be divided into two parts, including the related innovation group (RIG) that purchase the product spontaneously under the influence of the same brand′s former product and the independent innovation group (IIG) that is not affected by the same brand′s former product. Brand proportion effect refers to the different degree of innovation effect of the RIG and IIG, which influences the probability of purchasing decisions of potential groups. Brand cumulative effect means that the gradual accumulation of sales and word of mouth of the same brand′s former product may form the consumers′ unified cognition of the brand and influence the consumers′ purchase decision probability of subsequent product. Secondly, we analyze the properties of the solution and find that when brand cumulative effect increases, the peak time turns shorter and peak sales, total sales become larger. Thirdly, the brand proportion effect is varied with the numerical value between correlative innovation effect and independent innovation effect. If the cumulative innovation effect is more than independent innovation effect, the proportion of cumulative innovation effect is higher, the peak time turns shorter and peak sales, total sales become larger. But if the independent innovation effect is more than cumulative innovation effect, the proportion of cumulative innovation effect is higher, the peak time turns longer and peak sales, total sales become smaller. Fourthly, the empirical results suggest that the improved model has better fitting and forecasting performance than the classical model.The meaning of this study includes the following four aspects: firstly, introducing brand spillover effect into the classic Bass model, we open the "black box" of external influences in the classic Bass model. The classical Bass model regards advertising, price and other factors as exogenous variables, and does not pay attention to the specific influence mechanism of brand on the model. However, with the popularity of brand marketing, it cannot be ignored that the quality or experience of the same brand′s former product may have an observable effect on the market diffusion of subsequent products. The process of NPD under brand spillover effect as shown in figure 2 is sorted out in this paper, which is helpful to improve theoretical understanding in this aspect. Secondly, the NPD model under brand spillover effect is constructed and the analytical solution is obtained. In this paper, the classical Bass model is expanded from the perspective of brand proportion effect and brand accumulation effect, and the theoretical proof of the correlation between brand spillover effect and new product diffusion is given, which makes a certain theoretical contribution to the development of Bass model from the perspective of brand marketing. Thirdly, based on the empirical evidence of 47 sequel movies in the United States, we introduce the previous historical box office and historical word-of-mouth and other relevant data into the model, which has obvious performance improvement. Fourthly, when conducting brand marketing, enterprises should pay attention to guiding the formation of positive brand spillover effect. And the marketing innovation of subsequent product should be moderate, and the relationship between cumulative innovation effect and independent innovation effect should be synergistic.The limitations of this study are mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, in terms of theoretical construction, the dynamic change of brand proportion effect cannot be accurately reflected, and the linear assumption of the proportion structure of innovation groups will be relaxed in future research. Secondly, with respect to empirical analysis, the applicability of the model needs to be further studied. At present, this paper only takes movies as an example for empirical analysis. In the future, we can try to take the types of products such as automobiles and mobile phones as samples to improve the robustness of the model. 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Ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies and manufacturing firms′ dual service innovation Wang Lin, Wei Jiang, Zheng Yuelong 2021, 42(10): 131-139.  Abstract ( 167 )      Dual service innovation enables manufacturing firms to perform well both in the present product market and in the future new emerging market. For example, Huawei has gained long-term market success by successfully pursuing dual service innovation, namely offering both the extensions and refinements to existing service and the introduction of radical service offerings to the market. However, it is difficult to execute exploration and exploitation simultaneously because they would compete for scarce resources. At the same time, manufacturing firms′ existing knowledge and resources, historically developed for product innovation, may be insufficient or even counterproductive for taking advantage of opportunities for service innovation, this is especially true for local manufacturing firms with limited innovation resources. Therefore, it calls for theoretical analysis on how to resolve resource limitation and conflict when conducting dual service innovation.Existing research points out that knowledge-intensive service agencies, being both knowledge producer and knowledge bridge (Howells, 2008), play a critical role in facilitating manufacturing firms to obtain resources for service innovation. In recent years, the specialized network role of knowledge-intensive service agencies has been highlighted and the network resource perspective has emerged. Zhang & Li (2010) suggest that ties with service intermediaries serve as a conduit for a wide range of information, resources and opportunities, and thus enable the firm to conduct a broader search for innovation. Others have shown that relations with knowledge-intensive service agencies, facilitate product-centric firm to pursue boundary-spanning search for service innovation (Wang et al., 2018). Based on the perspective of network resource, it is reasonable to argue that building ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies is the path for manufacturing firms to relieve the ambidexterity tension and obtain resource for dual service innovation. However, theoretical or empirical work in this area is very limited. How ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies are related with dual service innovation hasn′t been carefully examined. Moreover, while ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies create the potential for dual service innovation by providing access to a variety of knowledge and expertise and thus resolving the resource limitation and conflict between exploration and exploitation, they also provide challenges for manufacturing firms to integrate and recombine external knowledge with internal resources and capabilities to produce innovative output. According to Savino et al. (2017), the potential value of ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies partly depends on the extent of whether manufacturing firms have absorptive capacity and dynamic capability to take advantage of it. Because absorptive capacity allows firms to recognize the value of external knowledge, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends (Cohen & Levinthal,1990), while dynamic capability enables firms to continually integrate, reconfigure, gain and release resources in responding to changing circumstances (Eisenhardt & Martin,2000). Drawing on this view, this study investigates the moderating roles of both technological capability and strategic flexibility on the relationship between ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies and dual service innovation.By using a sample of 296 manufacturing firms in both Ningbo and Chongqing, we examine the relationship between ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies and dual service innovation, and analyze how technological capability and strategic flexibility moderate this relationship. To test our hypotheses, we employ a stepwise hierarchical regression approach. The results show that ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies positively influence dual service innovation. Because knowledge-intensive service agencies not only provide service-related knowledge to manufacturing firms (Miles, et.al, 2015), but also facilitate manufacturing firms to search the external knowledge space (Zhang & Li, 2010) to satisfy the knowledge requirements of pursuing exploration and exploitation simultaneously. The results also show that technological capability has a significant "inverted U-shaped" moderating effect on the relationship while resource flexibility and coordination flexibility have linear moderating effects on the relationship, which indicates that a high level of technological capability impedes dual service innovation whereas a high level of strategic flexibility strengthen the positive effect of ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies on dual service innovation.This study contributes to the literature in two major ways. First, it enriches extant literature by demonstrating the value of knowledge-intensive service agencies in manufacturing firms′ dual service innovation. Drawing on network resource perspective, we prove that ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies have an increasingly positive effect on dual service innovation. Second, it enriches the development of a contingent view of social network theory by exploring internal conditions under which ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies enhance dual service innovation. This focus is different from previous studies that have typically examined the moderating role of external environmental factors. Drawing on the perspective of absorptive capacity and dynamic resource management, this study demonstrates the differential moderating effects of technological capability and strategic flexibility. This extends the existing studies by combining static and dynamic resource management perspective and have implications for the manufacturing firms to take advantage of ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies for dual service innovation.This study also provides some important managerial implications. First, to overcome the resource limitation in pursuing dual service innovation, developing and maintaining good relations with knowledge-intensive service agencies become an important strategy option for manufacturing firms who are transferring from product–centered to service-centered. Our field interview suggests that in many Chinese manufacturing firms ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies were in place to facilitate innovative activities, although they didn′t realize their potential value for dual service innovation. Second, because the moderate level of technological capability benefits dual service innovation, manufacturing firms should be aware of that too low or too high level of technological capability may impede dual service innovation and thus should avoid invest too much on the development of technological capability. At the same time, manufacturing firms with higher level of strategic flexibility can achieve the potential of ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies for dual service innovation. Therefore, by developing strategic flexibility in their resource allocation and coordination, such as designing flexible organizational structures, developing flexible service development processes, and etc., manufacturing firms can stimulate greater exploration of technologies and markets opportunities through ties with knowledge-intensive service agencies for dual service innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on identification of awakening patents based on citation time series features Zhang Mier, Liu Ximei, Li Haipeng 2021, 42(10): 140-147.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.016 Abstract ( 184 )     The awakening patent is a special type of patents. Due to its advanced technical connotation, the awakening patent was in a dormant state that received rare citations in the early stage of its life cycle. After years of silence, with the technology development and market changes, it woke up due to attention and high citations. Therefore, we can also call it the sleeping beauty patent. As a "late bloomer" type of patent, the awakening patent has not received enough attention. It is urgent to carry out in-depth research.In order to identify awakening patents that hidden in a large number of patents effectively, we analyze the data of patent citation time series to reveal the time series features of patent citation. We select patents in the field of wireless communication network as research samples. The analysis of patent citation time series shows that the citations of most patents show an inverted U-shaped distribution. That is, the number of citations increases first and then decays. However, there are significant differences between the features of citation time series of few patents and the overall patents. These very few patents had only sporadic or even zero citations in their early stage. However, they finally attracted attention and gained high citations after years of silence, showing the distinct feature of "late bloomer" and reflecting the essential feature of awakening patents. We propose the identification method of awakening patent based on the "late bloomer" time series feature of patent citation. Firstly, we construct the awakening patent index API based on the analysis of the time series features of patent citation. That is, the ratio of the patent citations after the 11th year to the total citations. Then, we rank the patent samples in descending order according to the total citation to filter patents ranked in the top 20% of the total citation as highly cited patents. Finally, we filter patents with API≥0.8 one by one among the highly cited patents. They are the awakening patents in the patent sample.Then we utilize the awakening patent index API constructed by the research to filter the awakening patents in the target technology field. We filter out 36 awakening patents in total. The statistical results show that awakening patents only account for 2.35% of the total number of 1534 samples and 11.7% of the 307 highly cited patents. This shows that the awakening patent is a rare patent type, which may be the important reason that awakening patents remained unheeded for a long time. Then, we select the typical awakening patent to analyze the sleeping cause and awakening process of awakening patents.The research shows that awakening patents are in a dormant state of rare concern in the early stage of the life cycle. With the development of technology and the change of demand, the involved technology begins to receive attention. It reflects in the rapid growth of patent citation and the awakening of long-dormant patents. Therefore, awakening patents are concerned in the latter stage of life cycle, which actually reflects the technology development trend and the transfer of technology hotspots. We can utilize the feature of awakening patents and the above identification method to filter awakening patents timely. Thus, to monitor the development trend of relevant technology by identifying and analyzing awakening patents in the target technology field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the influencing factors of ICT patent quality based on invalid procedure Zhou Kefang, Qiao Yongzhong 2021, 42(10): 148-155.  Abstract ( 160 )      The quality of patents consists of two meanings: one is whether the patent meets the statutory authorization requirements; the second is the difference between the economic, technical and legal indicators of the granted patent. The evaluation of the merits of this difference can be used as an important indicator to distinguish the quality of patents. Patent invalidation procedures are a challenge to the validity of patents, and it is more likely that a patent that remains valid in an invalid procedure will have a relatively high quality. A patent that is declared invalid may be considered to be inconsistent with the patent authorization standard stipulated by the Patent Law. The final result of the patent invalidation process will affect corporate innovation and technology research and development and patent applications. Such a review process has been affirmed by the patent systems of countries around the world. The vast majority of patent laws in various countries have provisions for "invalid review procedures" or "objection procedures".Although existing researches are concerned that high-value, high-quality patents may be more prominent in some indicators, high-quality patents themselves are difficult to distinguish, and high-quality patents by means of award-winning patents are not necessarily completely reliable. Scholars have a positive attitude toward the role of patent invalidation procedures: patents that can cause invalid procedures are often patents that have higher value in the industry, and those patents that successfully resist invalid review not only enhance their own value, but also become a proof of high quality. The patent invalidation procedure is an important way to examine the quality of patents, and the results of patent invalidation are less than the research results of analyzing patent quality. According to the existing research, this paper assumes that the quality of patents that have been filed for invalidation and obtained is relatively high, and the quality of patents that have been declared invalid is relatively low; after the invalidation, patents and patents declared invalid are maintained. The difference can be used as one of the important factors to distinguish between high and low value and quality. A sample of patents filed for invalidation in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) between 2008 and 2017 is sampled. Based on the grouping of patent validity, the forward citation of the two sets of patents "maintaining effective" and "declaring invalidity" is analyzed. A total of 7 indicators, such as quantity and number of claims, were compared and analyzed, in order to find out the factors affecting the quality of patents from the perspective of patent invalidation procedures.For the analysis of the characteristics of the six hypothetical and invalid procedure invoking the law, the SPSS22.0 software is mainly used for descriptive statistics and independent sample T-test to verify the above hypothesis, observe the Chinese Patent Law and the Chinese Patent Law Implementation Rules, it is cited in the sample of two sets of patent invalidation procedures. After verifying the hypothesis, through the method of evaluation one by one, find out the characteristics of the valid group patents that are different from the invalid group patents, and analyze the significance of these characteristics for patent quality. The differences in the relevant indicators of the two groups of patents in the application, authorization and invalidation stages reflect the characteristics of high-quality patents in the ICT field. After analysis, the following two conclusions are drawn. On the one hand, there are significant differences in the patent quality indicators between the two groups of patent technology coverage, patent citations and non-patent literature citations. The effective group patents are smaller in technical coverage than the ineffective group. The effective group patents cite patent documents less than the invalid group patents, and the effective group patents refer to more non-patent documents than the invalid groups. On the other hand, although the number of claims, technical coverage and other indicators can represent the quality of patents, the analysis of the invoking laws in the invalid program shows that the effective group patents are satisfied both in terms of the satisfaction of the substantive requirements of the patent and the satisfaction of the procedural requirements. While those low-quality patents are authorized and may have high economic value, but there may be fatal flaws on both substantive and procedural issues, and lost the effectiveness once they encounter the invalid review.Although there are many factors involved in the evaluation of patent quality, there are always some individual and common indicators that play a major and fundamental role. Based on the above research conclusions, the following suggested countermeasures can be drawn. Firstly, the technical coverage, the number of patent citations, and the number of non-patent literature citations are of great significance in judging the quality of patents in the ICT field. When selecting indicators for evaluating patent quality, one should pay attention to the specific industry field of the research object. On the other hand, it should be noted that not all existing patent quality judgment models for general patents or other fields can be directly applied. Secondly, when judging the quality of patents in the ICT field, we do not have to pay so much attention to its economic value. This study shows that even patents that are authorized and of high economic value may be invalidated in subsequent invalid review procedures due to patent applications, modified procedures, and entity issues. Thirdly, for the judgment of patent quality, patent application documents and authorization documents should be focused on. Although there are multiple factors affecting the quality of patents in terms of commonality, when judging the quality of a single patent, it is equally important to invalidate the requester, competitors and potential infringers, as well as the examiners in the invalid review process, because patent validity is the basic problem of patent quality inspection. Article 65 of Chinese Regulations on the Implementation of the Patent Law details the reasons why patent invalidation requests can be invoked, and should also be given special attention. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of the systemic risks of banks and green innovation enterprises based on green innovation subsidy policies Yang Wenke, Ma Qianting, He Jianmin, Su Yi 2021, 42(10): 156-165.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.018 Abstract ( 215 )       Reducing the systemic risk of banks and green innovative enterprises is the primary task of accelerating the national innovative capability and economy development of China. Based on the theoretical model of the system of banks-green innovative enterprises, this paper studies the subject behavior of banks and green innovative enterprises, the system evolution rules of banks and green innovative enterprises based on the balance sheet construction and update of banks and green innovative enterprises, the dynamic evolution of the subject behavior, the liquidity asset update, and the default settlement of banks and green innovative enterprises, constructs the artificial bank-green innovative enterprise system under the intervention of green innovation subsidies, and investigates the influence mechanism of the policy form and intensity of green innovation subsidies on the systemic risk and total system returns of banks and green innovative enterprises through adopting computational experimental methods. The research finds that: To begin with, the green innovation subsidy policy has a significant positive effect on the systemic risk of banks and green innovative enterprises. Specifically, green innovation subsidy policy can reduce the number of bankruptcies of banks and green innovative enterprises. However, these policies are unable to improve the total return of banks and enterprises which decreases with the reduction of systemic risk. To put it differently, there is a law of diminishing marginal utility. Secondly, the effects of different forms of subsidy policies and preferential margins on the systemic risks and total system returns of banks and green innovative enterprises have significant heterogeneous characteristics. Last but not least, the mix of the three green innovation subsidy policies is obviously better than the single green innovation subsidy policy, which plays an imperative role in reducing the systemic risk of banks and green innovative enterprises, requires lower policy costs, and has obvious "synergistic effect".Research Innovations: Firstly, compared to the prior literatures, we consider the internal relationship between green innovation subsidy policy and systemic risk in banks and green innovative enterprises. At the same time, we adopt the computational experiments to construct a realistic artificial bank-green innovative enterprise system which is able to precisely reveal the effects of different periods and forms of green innovation subsidies on systemic risks. Secondly, we expand and make up for the existing empirical researches which has difficulty in obtaining data between banks and green innovative enterprises. Then, we investigate and compare the heterogeneity of subsidy policies for green innovation and its impact on bank-enterprise systemic risks and total system returns. Eventually, we propose the optimal subsidy forms to accelerate green innovation under bank-green innovative enterprise systemic risks of different periods, and the  systemic risk compensation mechanism that the government can adopt under different circumstances.This study extends the relationship and internal mechanism between green innovation subsidy policies and bank-green innovative enterprise systemic risk, so as to provide institutional reference and new viewpoints for accelerating the healthy development of green innovative enterprises of China and helping the government and banks prevent the possible systemic risks caused by massive green innovative enterprises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Can stringent environmental policy encourage technological innovation in industrial enterprises? Tian Chengshi, Han Zhenyi 2021, 42(10): 166-173.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.019 Abstract ( 223 )       It is a key factor to lead to environmental problems for industrial production and the environmental pollution caused by industrial production has become more and more serious with the rapid development of the economy and have attracted the attention of all countries in the world. It is crucial for China to reduce environmental pollution through technological innovation for more stringent environmental policy may increase or decrease innovative activities. In recent years, little literature has been given to the impact of industry characteristics on the relationship between environmental policy and technological innovation although much progress has been made in domestic relative researches. It needs to be emphasized that industry differences cannot be ignored and there may be differences in the responses of different types of industry faced with stringent environmental policy.Firstly, this paper establishes two theoretical models in which the R&D expenditure is interpreted variable in model (1) and the R&D input intensity is interpreted variable in model (2), and the R&D expenditure and the R&D input intensity reflects R&D from the perspective of total volume and intensity. The direction and size of the interactions coefficients of industry characteristics and environmental policy reflect that how environmental policy and industry differences affect the technological innovation of enterprises in the models. Some control variables are also added to the models in order to avoid the influence of industry output difference on parameter estimation accuracy. In the paper R&D is taken as the representative indicator of technological innovation, and the proportion of investment in environmental governance to the total industrial output value is taken as the measure of the intensity of environmental policy. The model provides a new perspective for the study of the impact of environmental policy on technological innovation because of the industry characteristics and environmental policy interaction items re added in the models.Secondly, two theory hypotheses are put forward. Hypothesis1: Pollution-intensive industries will reduce investment in technological innovation faced with stringent environmental policy; Hypothesis 2: the companies which immobility is low will choose to relocate to the areas where environmental policy is relatively loose rather than invest more in innovation when the environmental policy becomes more stringent.Thirdly, the paper empirically tests the above two hypotheses with the established model. The OLS estimation of model (1) shows that the impact of the industry output on R&D expenditure is not significant, so the impact of environmental policy on technological innovation cannot be examined through industry output. It is necessary to analyze the impact of environmental policy on technological innovation from the perspective of industry characteristics for the coefficient of intensity of environmental policy is not significant in Model (1).In Model (1), the parameter estimation results suggest that stringent environmental policy has dampened investment in technological innovation for heavily polluting industries because of the coefficient of the interaction between pollution intensity and environmental policy is negative and significant.it means that low immobility enterprises will invest more in innovation when more stringent environmental policy is implemented since the coefficient of the interaction between immobility and environmental policy is positive and significant. Overall, the results show that their enthusiasm for technological innovation is different from the industries which have different industry characteristics, and industry characteristics may lead to different impacts of environmental policy on technological innovation. It can be said that the pollution intensity and immobility could explain the impact of environmental policy on technological innovation.The OLS estimation of Model (2) shows that the impact of industry output on R&D input intensity is negative and significant whether or not there is an interaction item. That is, the investment in technology innovation is not necessarily high in industries with higher output. The low immobility industries will choose to invest more in technological innovation instead of relocating when the cost of relocation is higher than the cost of innovation. The industries which relocation costs are low have the tendency to go to the areas where the environment policy is relatively loose because they have less fixed assets. Although different related variables are selected in the Model (2), the conclusion is similar to Model (1).The paper also tests the robustness of Model (1) since environmental policy may not be effective until one or two years after their implementation, and the lag effects may have an impact on the conclusions of this paper. The estimated results of replacing the environmental intensity of the first and second order lags show that the model fitting effect is better and Model (1) has good robustness.At last, the paper provides some advice on reducing pollution emissions. And the paper argues that governments need to pay more attention to the heterogeneity of industry characteristics and make full use of the flexibility of environmental policy instruments and tools. It is necessary to steadily increase the intensity of environmental policy and strengthen the law enforcement capacity of the environmental protection for the intensity of environmental policy has a significant effect on technological innovation for the industries with low pollution intensity and high immobility. The government should increase subsidies of technological innovation for the pollution-intensive industries. It is necessary to limit the flexibility of their relocation by proposing appropriate corporate relocation policies to increase the relocation costs, and make it more difficult to relocate to other regions for low immobility industries. In order to realize the transition from traditional production model to clean production system, the key is to establish a perfect incentive mechanism to mobilize enterprise technological innovation, it is necessary to take into account incentive measures to overcome the constraints of the transition to an energy efficient and environmentally friendly development model.The paper innovatively considers the two industry characteristics of pollution intensity and immobility, and introduces the interaction variables of industry characteristics and environmental policy intensity into the model, and explain the differences in the impact of environmental policy on technological innovation through the interactions intensity of the characteristics and environmental policy based on the three-dimensional panel data of region, time and industry. The paper enriches the research methods of environmental policy impact on technological innovation and provide a basis for the formulation of adaptive environmental policies and the promotion of environmentally sustainable development. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the inclusive leadership research and its prospects from the vision of China Chen Xiaotun, Cheng Jiaojiao 2021, 42(10): 174-181.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.020 Abstract ( 792 )   As an emerging leadership style, inclusive leadership has received increasing attention from scholars. Its emergence reflects the desire of researchers and practitioners for new leadership styles in a specific era. Therefore, the article systematically sorts out the concept origin, dimension measurement, influencing effects, mechanism of action and impact results of inclusive leadership, constructs an overall framework of inclusive leadership research, reviews existing literature, and expands its research. Levels and methods, and incorporating intermediaries and regulatory variables into the organizational analysis framework, while strengthening the contingency of the local context, and discussing the shortcomings of the existing literature, in order to propose feasible for future organizational management to better develop some conclusions.With the rapid development of the economy and society, innovation in the context of "double innovation" is particularly important for the development of the organization. The market environment faced by enterprises is becoming more and more complex. Only by continuously maintaining vitality, constantly innovating and meeting market demands can we lay a solid foundation. In recent years, with the implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy, various industry organizations have become important participants, and their functions and functions have become increasingly prominent. The development of society is inseparable from the growth of the organization. The development of the organization does not open the support of leaders and employees. Leadership is the carrier of the organization, and its style directly affects the development of the organization. At present, the leadership style of the article research is diverse, and the inclusive leadership as a frontier research topic in the field of organizational behavior has been increasingly concerned by the academic community and has become the current emerging leadership style. Through the screening and collation of domestic and foreign literatures, this study has identified several major issues that need to be addressed in the research: (1) What are the conditions for inclusive leadership to improve employee innovation performance? (2) What is the mechanism of action for inclusive leadership to improve the innovation performance of organizational members? (3) What are the mediating roles and regulatory factors that influence the role of inclusive leadership in employee innovation performance? How to improve the inclusive leadership ability is an important issue in the current social diversification management and inclusive environment construction. The relationship between leadership behavior and employee attitude in the organization has always been an important issue in the field of organizational management. The research on inclusive leadership by domestic and foreign scholars is still in the process of exploration, especially the domestic scholars are relatively unfamiliar with the study of inclusive leadership. The number of research results is small, and the theoretical system needs to be further improved. This paper can explore the conditions and mechanism of inclusive leadership style improvement and employee innovation performance through research, which is of great significance not only to deepen and expand the research content and research perspective of inclusive leadership. At the same time, it also has important theoretical significance for enriching leadership behavior and employee attitudes and behaviors.Therefore, verifying the effectiveness of inclusive leadership in China′s context is not only important for shaping the inclusive leadership style and enhancing the diversity of leadership management practices, but also for the current diversified management practices and inclusive work content of Chinese organizations. Construction has important practical implications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of knowledge updating on employee creativity Li Hai, Ma Li, Yu Ran 2021, 42(10): 182-190.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.021 Abstract ( 217 )      Based on challenge-hindrance stress classification theory and stress interaction theory, this paper aims to explore the impact of knowledge updating requirements on female knowledge employee creativity, and analyze the chain mediating effect of challenge stress appraisal and individual skill development and the moderating effect of work-family conflict. We use structural equation model and Bootstrapping method to test the hypothesis.The results show that knowledge updating requirements have significant positive influence on employee creativity, including direct influence and indirect influence; In terms of indirect influence, challenge stress appraisal and individual skill development play a part of chain mediating role in the relationship between knowledge updating requirements and employee creativity; In terms of direct impact, work-family conflict plays a moderating role in the relationship between knowledge updating requirements and employee creativity.Our empirical studies show that at least four important factors contribute to the theoretical significance.Firstly, this paper examines the positive effect of knowledge updating requirements on employee creativity as a challenge stress. Past researches starting from the original connotation of challenge stress, discussed the relationship between such as workload, time stress, job complexity and job responsibilities scope and the employee creativity. This study discusses the relationship between knowledge updating requirements and the employee creativity as a new variable, which expands the connotation of challenge stress and enriches the discussion of the relationship between challenge stress and employee creativity.Secondly, previous studies on the influence mechanism of work stress on employee creativity only investigate the role of a single mediator or multiple mediators in parallel, and paid less attention to the possibility that the mediating role of multiple mediators in the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables was sequential. This paper constructs a chain mediation model between knowledge updating requirements and employee creativity. Moreover, and empirical data shows that challenge stress appraisal and individual skill development play a chain mediating role between knowledge updating requirements and employee creativity, compared with a single mediation model or parallel multiple mediation model, the chain multiple mediation model can better reveal the complex mechanism of multiple mediation variables between independent variables and dependent variables. Which expands people′s understanding of the generation mechanism of employee creativity.Thirdly, there is a lack of research on the boundary condition of the influence of work stress on employee creativity, strengthening the research in this aspect can enhance people′s understanding of the relationship between the two. There are very few studies on the moderating effect of work-family conflict on the relationship between them. The research object of this study is female knowledge employees, and work-family conflict will have a greater impact on their work attitude and behavior. Therefore, the choice of work-family conflict as a moderator of the relationship between work stress and female knowledge employee creativity is of more theoretical and practical significance. Finally, due to the influence of traditional concepts, compared with male employees, female employees have to take on more responsibilities such as taking care of children and doing more housework besides completing work tasks, which brings great stress to female employees. A lot of progress of previous studies of employee creativity has been made, but with female knowledge employees this specific group as the research object of research is still lack. This study focuses on the female knowledge employees and explores the relationship between work stress and employee creativity, to some extent, deepens the research on the relationship between work stress and related outcome variables.In terms of practical significance, in this paper, the enlightenment includes the following several aspects in the field of management.Firstly, both managers and ordinary employees must be aware that not all work stress is negative. Knowledge updating requirements as a challenge stress, can prompt employees to strengthen learning, enhance the level of individual skills, so as to realize the purpose of enhance their creativity, which is of great practical significance to the career development of employees and the improvement of organizational competitiveness. Therefore, organizations should view the impact of work stress on employee creativity, and appropriately raise the difficulty of the task, and change work stress into work motivation and promote knowledge skills and employee creativity.Secondly, according to the stress interaction theory, the whole process from the source of stress to its influence on the outcome variable will involve two subjective evaluations of the subject, and each evaluation will change the direction and intensity of the outcome variable under the influence of the subject or the environment. When employees feel stress from knowledge updating, organizational support and assistance will greatly enhance the confidence of the employees to cope with stress, and employees will be more inclined to carry out challenge stress appraisal on knowledge updating requirements. In addition, in the second evaluation stage, namely, what kind of practical action to take to deal with the stress stage, if the organization can also provide various ways for employees to improve their ability, employees will be more inclined to actively learn and recharge, in order to improve their knowledge and skills and the level of creativity. Finally, empirical results show that female knowledge employees are more likely to be negatively affected by work-family conflict in their study and work, in reality, work and family are very important to every employee, employees cannot abandon their families for work. In this case, if the organization makes appropriate adjustments in the rules and regulations, such as through implementing flexible work arrangements, to a certain extent, can help female knowledge employees flexibly arrange their study and work schedules according to their own situations, in this way, they can study and work independently more effectively, deal with work stress with a more positive attitude, and maximize the stress into motivation.The shortcoming of this study is that the sample of this study is mainly female engineers in the construction industry and is relatively single, so it′s not enough to represent all types of female knowledge employees. External validity of the research conclusion remains to be further verified, therefore，future research can consider to choose female knowledge employees from more industry to strengthen the conclusion applicability across the sample. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exemplary employees and counterproductive work behavior——A study from the self-control perspective Wei Wu, Ni Hui, Xiao Deyun 2021, 42(10): 191-198.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.022 Abstract ( 228 )      Will the exemplary employees′ behaviors always benefit to their organizations? In fact, exemplary employees who are motivated by impression management are likely to behave counterproductive work behavior where self-control resources play a key role. Impression management refers to behaviors that employees use to create and maintain desired images in the workplace. Manager-targeted exemplification (MTE) is one of the impression management strategies.  Prior studies have studied the different outcomes between employees. The use of impression management usually relates to higher performance evaluation and many other positive outcomes for employees′ career. But these works have ignored how does the employees′ impression management influences their behaviors to the organization. Based on the literature review and self-control resource theory, we conclude that the use of MTE strategy requires employees′ self-control ability. Even though self-control ability comes from self-control resources, after consumption, employees′ self-control resources are depleted, and employees will lack self-control ability in subsequent behaviors, which makes them easy to do counterproductive work behavior. Self-monitoring can moderate the process. The self-monitoring individual is one who, out of a concern for social appropriateness, is particularly sensitive to the expression and self-presentation of others in social situations and uses these cues as guidelines for monitoring his own self-presentation. According to the above literature review, we propose the following hypotheses: Manager-targeted exemplification strategy has a positive impact on the state self-control resources depletion (H1); Manager-targeted exemplification strategy has a positive impact on counterproductive work behavior mediated by state self-control resources depletion (H2); Manager-targeted exemplification strategy on counterproductive work behavior via state self-control depletion will be moderated by self-monitoring, such that the relationship is stronger when employee self-monitoring is low (H3). In research design, we used the work log method to collect data. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part was filled by the participants before the first working day, in order to collect data at between-person level (self-monitoring). The second part included a working log of 10 working days which is filled in by the respondents after the end of each day′s work. The participants were required to describe their behavior and mental state of the day, in order to collect variables at within-person level: MTE, self-control resource depletion, counterproductive work behavior, and control variables (weather and workdays). Our researchers issued a total of 145 questionnaires to bank staff, recycling 128 sets, excluding 26 points missing more serious questionnaires, access to 102 points effective questionnaires. That is 102 effective data between individuals and 1020 effective data within individuals. In the data analysis section, we used SPSS, HLM and R software to analyze the data and show our test results. We conducted a variance partition analysis by running null models in HLM for each within-person variable to examine whether there is a meaningful variation for our within-person perspective. Within-person accounted for 50.78% of the variation in manager-targeted exemplification and consequently there is significant within-person variation in employees′ MTE. The results of SPSS and HLM show that MTE strategy has a positive relationship with counterproductive work behavior. And MTE strategy (r=0.08, p<0.05) has a positive impact on self-control resource depletion. Self-control resource depletion has a positive impact on counterproductive work behavior(r=0.11, p<0.05). Therefore, MTE strategy has a positive effect on the counterproductive work behavior mediated by self-control resource depletion. In the examination of the moderator, the results show that the MTE and self-monitoring interactions has a positive effect on self-control resource depletion (r=0.26, p<0.05). Thus, self-monitoring plays a moderator role in the process of MTE promoting self-control resource depletion. In the case of high self-monitoring, the positive effect of MTE on the counterproductive work behavior is enhanced. While in the case of low self-monitoring, the indirect effect of MTE on the counterproductive work behavior is weakened. To test the moderated mediation effects in an integrated fashion, we tested the indirect effects at one standard deviation. When employee self-monitoring was high, the indirect effect of MTE on counterproductive work behavior via self-control resource depletion was significant (indirect effect =0.029, 95% CI = \[0.008, 0.097\]), but this indirect effect became not significant when employee self-monitoring was low (indirect effect =-0.011, 95% CI = \[-0.069, 0.004\]). The difference between these two indirect effects was significant (difference =0.040, 95% CI = \[0.009, 0.159\]).The innovative contributions of this study are presented in the following areas. First, this study examines one impression management strategy that is widely used in the organization, but has been rarely studied (MTE). In the past, researches focused on the positive impact of impression management on the career of employees. This study proves that manager-targeted exemplification depletes the self-control resources of the employees so that the employees′ self-control ability will be impaired, which increase employees′ counterproductive work behavior. This study broke through the traditional perspective, studied the impression management of the employees at the organizational level, and revealed the negative impact of the impression management behavior on the organization. Through the study, we can explain why good employees sometimes do something detrimental to the organization.This study has management implications: this research can remind employees that when adopting manager-targeted exemplification, it should be realized that this behavior will lead to the lack of self-control ability in subsequent behaviors, thus making some disadvantages to the organization making the previous efforts on the impression management in vain. The organization should create a free organizational atmosphere for employees and reduce the motivation for employees to carry out impression management, so that decrease the self-control resource depletion caused by manager-targeted exemplification, through which enables employees to maintain sufficient self-control resources to cope with business and various tasks and to reduce the counterproductive work behavior, so that the relationship between the members of the organization is more harmonious and the organization work more efficiently.In the last section, we discuss the limitations of this study. The variables in this study were all from the employee′s self-assessment, lacking data from other evaluation. If the study designs multi-source data, the influence of homologous variance would be avoided, the data test results could be more reliable. Another limitation is the limited selection of control variables. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural S&T cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Basin Li Xinwei, Wen Shuhui, Fang Junzhi 2021, 42(10): 199-208.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.10.023 Abstract ( 150 )      International cooperation in agricultural science and technology is an important way to promote agricultural development and build a new type of international relations. However, the current research on the driving mechanism of agricultural science and technology cooperation is not mature at home and abroad. And the systematic research on the development trends and evolutionary characteristics of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the basin is insufficient. This paper constructed a driving force framework for international cooperation in agricultural science and technology, including the feedback effect of specialization. The main data in this paper came from agricultural papers co-authored by the six Lancang-Mekong countries from 1994 to 2019, which were collected in the Web of Science database. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the characteristics of co-occurrence network of cooperative institutions, disciplines, and keywords, to investigate the specialization of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong River region. Then, an econometric model was constructed to further verify the effects and impacts of specialization, agricultural production resources and development needs on agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Basin. The study found that: firstly, although the scope of agricultural science and technology cooperation among Lancang-Mekong countries was expanding, the cooperative institutions still showed a trend of centralized development. The universities and research institutions of China and Thailand played a dominant role in the cooperation, while the cooperation among institutions of the other four countries was relatively weak. Cooperative disciplines of agricultural science and technology in the basin showed the trend of cross integration. Agronomy ran through the whole course of the cooperation. Besides agronomy, the cooperative disciplines have also expanded to entomology, nutrition, environmental science, infectious diseases, and engineering. The gradual diversification of discipline categories and the increasing cross-integration of disciplines reflected the continuous expansion and deepening of cooperation in agricultural science and technology in the region. The cooperative research frontiers of agricultural science and technology in the basin were characterized by a tendency toward complexity and systematization. The focus of cooperation has shifted from simple agricultural productivity to the comprehensive benefits of agricultural complex ecosystems, and more attention has been paid to the coordinated development of agricultural science and technology, ecological environment, and social economy. Secondly, the feedback effect caused by specialization and the induced effect caused by agricultural development demand were the two main driving forces of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong region. The centralization of cooperative institutions limited the expansion of cooperation, which would have a negative impact on cooperation. Both the cross-integration of cooperative disciplines and the complex systematization of cooperative frontiers contributed to the deepening of cooperation, which had a positive effect on the promotion of cooperation. The needs of domestic development of agricultural industry and expansion of international trade of agricultural products in countries along the Lancang-Mekong River Basin have both played a positive role in promoting the development of agricultural science and technology cooperation within the basin. At present, the potential impact of agricultural production resources such as land, labor force and technology on the cooperation in agricultural science and technology in the Lancang-Mekong Basin has not yet played a role. References | Related Articles | Metrics