Based on a panel data of Chinese vehicle manufacturers embedded in standard-setting alliance networks, and using random-effects negative binomial regression models, this paper empirically analyzes how structural holes and network diversity affect firms’ technological standardization dominant capability and following capability. The results show that structural holes have a significant positive impact on firms’ two types of technological standardization capabilities. Network diversity is negatively related to firms’ technological standardization dominant capability, while positively related to firms’ technological standardization following capability. Further, structural holes and network diversity jointly and positively influence firms’ technological standardization dominant capability, but jointly and negatively affect firms’ technological standardization following capability. The research findings extend the standardization literature, providing guidance for firms about how to build suitable networks to promote different standardization strategies.