Abstract: Taking the fund distribution of National Nature Science of China as indexes, the regional fund difference of basic research is analyzed using the models of Gini coefficient and Theil index. The results show that the regional difference of basic research in China gradually decreases and the regional difference of young scientist research capability also decreases. According to the results of decomposition, the regional differences within eastern part and central part of China decrease gradually, and the regional difference within the northeast part of China is small and relatively stable, however the regional differences within western part of China gradually increase. Therefore it is important to focus on the distribution of young scientists and the internal difference of western part of China in order to develop China's basic research harmoniously and continually.

Key words: basic research, regional difference, Gini coefficient, Theil index