Abstract: Today, there were few systematic empirical researches directly linking the balance of the two learning with organizational performance. Six hundred and seventy seven employees from 10 cities in China answered the questionnaire. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that exploration learning and exploitation learning were two sides of enterprise leaning rather than two end point of a continuum. The results of Hierarchical Regression Analysis (HRA) showed that exploration learning and exploitation learning were significantly positively related to finance performance. And the results also showed that there were positive and significant interaction effects between exploration learning and exploitation learning for finance performance. And the difference between exploitation learning and exploration learning was non-significantly related to the finance performance. The main implication was that Chinese enterprises should improve the level of exploitation learning before strengthening exploration learning.