The digital-green synergistic development serves as a new engine for the high-quality development of enterprises. However, systematic research is still lacking regarding how these two forces interact and drive the enhancement of supply chain resilience. From the perspective of synergy, this study adopted a dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, by taking 30 Chinese semiconductor enterprises as case studies, to explore the pathways through which such synergy fosters high supply chain resilience. The findings are as follows: (1) None of the six antecedent conditions related to digitalization and greening can independently constitute a necessary condition for driving high supply chain resilience; its achievement relies on the synergistic effect of multiple conditions. (2) Three configurational pathways to high resilience are identified, namely the "organization-dominated and digital technology-driven pathway", the "regulation-led and multi-factor synergistic pathway", and the "green innovation-dominated pathway". Among these, the degree of emphasis on digitalization acts as a foundational condition, while environmental regulation exerts a dual-directional impact. (3) These configurational pathways vary in terms of temporal stability, with the "regulation-led and multi-factor synergistic pathway" demonstrating significant advantages in responding to sudden disruptions. This research has deepened the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the formation of supply chain resilience and it will provide some decision-making references for enterprises to build high resilience under the dual development goals of high efficiency and low carbon.