In the context of maritime power and innovation-driven development strategy, inter-organizational cooperative innovation has become a crucial model for overcoming the key technological bottlenecks in emerging marine industries. Under various marine policies, China′s strategic emerging marine industries have experienced rapid development. However, sharp issues persist throughout their development process, particularly the fragmentation between academia, industry and research in technological innovation, and lack of effective horizontal and vertical cooperative innovation mechanisms. In response, this paper constructed an undirected weighted network of industrial technological innovation from a cooperative innovation perspective using the joint patent data. The network′s topology, spatial distribution, and driving mechanisms are analyzed in depth using network visualization and the ERGM method. The study found that: (1) under the guidance of marine policies, enterprises emerge as the central force in the technological innovation network, with key collaborating entities primarily located in the Bohai Rim area, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. (2) Analysis of the internal driving mechanisms of network formation indicated that centrality and transitivity are key internal drivers. The formation and development of the technological innovation cooperation network rely on the clustering effect of core entities and the facilitative role of transitivity mechanisms. (3) Among external driving mechanisms, geographical distance affects collaborative tendencies; collaboration among similar types of organizations enhances efficiency; cross-institutional collaboration offers complementarity; and the impact of cultural differences on the cooperative network is diminishing. The analysis of the current state of industrial technological innovation and driving mechanism factors under existing policies will also provide practical insights for promoting high-quality development of marine strategic emerging industries and the formulation of related policies.