政策工具视角下的中国科技成果转化政策变迁

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.09.013

科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 126-135.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.09.013

政策工具视角下的中国科技成果转化政策变迁

刘仁济¹，杨得前²，许露¹

1.广东财经大学财政税务学院，广东广州510320；
2.集美大学财经学院，福建厦门361021

收稿日期:2023-12-20 修回日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-09
通讯作者: 杨得前
基金资助:
国家社科基金重点项目：“多维‘专精特新’支持政策对产业链韧性的影响及协同优化研究”（24AJY002，2024.10—2027.12）；福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目：“中国减税降费政策的受益分布评估及政策优化研究”（FJ2023JDZ042，2023.11—2025.12）；广东省哲学社会科学“十四五”规划项目：“广东‘一核一带一区’协调发展的形成机制及对策研究——财政策略互动视角”（GD22XYJ12，2022.11—2025.06）。

Changes in China′s policies on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of policy tools

Liu Renji¹, Yang Deqian², Xu Lu¹

1. School of Public Finance & Taxation, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China;
2. School of Finance and Economics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China

Received:2023-12-20 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科学合理地使用政策工具对于促进科技成果有效转化为现实生产力至关重要。本文基于政策工具理论，构建了一个科技成果转化政策三维分析框架，并以1978—2022年国家颁布的362份科技成果转化政策为研究对象，运用文本分析工具Nvivo14的编码与统计功能，分阶段考察了其政策目标与政策环境的变迁历程、政策工具使用的结构性特征及其在创新价值链上的分布规律。研究发现：（1）我国科技成果转化政策的变迁因势而变，大体经历的是一段政策目标逐步从“零散”走向“体系”，目标分布呈现出“极不均衡→较不均衡→趋于均衡”式演进，政策效力层级持续提升的变迁历程；（2）政策工具的使用呈现出结构性不平衡与分化特征；（3）政策工具的使用同创新价值链环节存在结构性错配。本文的政策启示是：下一步应注重因时因势提升政策的有效性和稳定性；优化政策工具组合，缓解其结构性不平衡与分化；推动政策工具的使用与创新价值链环节均衡匹配。

关键词: 科技成果转化, 政策工具, 创新价值链, 政策文本

Abstract: For the effective conversion of scientific and technological (S&T) achievements into practical productivity, the scientific and rational application of policy tools serves as a critical catalyst. Employing a policy tools lens, we constructed a 3D framework to analyze research commercialization policies. Taking 362 national-level policies for transformation of S&T achievements (1978–2022) as the research object, the coding and statistical functions of the text analysis tool Nvivo 14 were used to examine in stages the evolution process of policy objectives and policy environment, the structural characteristics of policy tool use, and the distribution pattern on the innovation value chain. The research found that: (1) The changes in China′s policies for the transformation of S&T achievements have been influenced by the situation, and have generally gone through a period of policy goals gradually shifting from "scattered" to "systematic" patterns. The distribution of goals has shown an evolution of "extremely uneven → relatively uneven → tending towards equilibrium", and the level of policy effectiveness has continued to improve; (2) The use of policy tools presents structural imbalances and differentiation characteristics; and (3) There is a structural mismatch between the use of policy tools and innovation value chain links. The policy implications of this paper are as follows: the next step should focus on improving the effectiveness and stability of policies according to the time and situation; the combination of policy tools should be optimized to alleviate its structural imbalance and differentiation; and the balanced matching between the use of policy tools and innovation value chain links should be promoted.

Key words: S&T achievement transformation, policy tool, innovation value chain, policy text

刘仁济, 杨得前, 许露. 政策工具视角下的中国科技成果转化政策变迁[J]. 科研管理, 2025, 46(9): 126-135.

Liu Renji, Yang Deqian, Xu Lu. Changes in China′s policies on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of policy tools[J]. Science Research Management, 2025, 46(9): 126-135.

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政策工具视角下的中国科技成果转化政策变迁

Changes in China′s policies on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of policy tools

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