随着全球技术迭代加剧,提升我国产业链现代化水平已成为当务之急,专精特新企业依托“精一创业能力”实现高质量发展对于解决制造业“卡脖子”难题、嵌入产业链具有重要意义。然而,鲜有学者从注意力和资源视角探索精一创业能力的构建和跃迁过程。因此,本文基于注意力配置和资源编排理论,运用纵向案例研究方法对制造业单项冠军——尼特的精一创业能力演进路径进行系统性探索。研究发现:(1)专精特新企业精一创业能力的演进遵循一个三阶段模型,即单点式开拓阶段(强调“专”与“新”的结合)、多维度集成阶段(体现“精”与“新”的融合)及生态化协作阶段(凸显“特”与“新”的共生),“新”作为精一创业的核心要素贯穿始终;(2)内化机制伴随着企业当下和未来机遇的发现遵循“核心技术突破—市场机遇挑战—企业利益强化”的演进;(3)行动机制的编排组合是精一创业能力演进的关键动力。其中,资源结构化呈现出“引进、转化+积累+开发”的动态演进结果,资源捆绑形成了“整合、创新+延伸+稳定”的升级演化特征,资源能力利用实现了“敏捷响应—优化布局—创新引领”的逻辑进阶过程。本文探讨了专精特新企业精一创业能力的构建机理,拓展了专精特新企业精一发展的研究维度和理论成果,为专精特新企业以产品体系和技术创新为依托实现高质量发展提供了理论指引和实践参考。

With the intensifying global technological iterations, enhancing the modernization level of China's industrial chain has become a top priority. The specialized, refined, differential and innovative enterprises (SRDI enterprises) leveraging the "niche entrepreneurial capability" to achieve high-quality development is of great significance in addressing manufacturing bottlenecks and engaging themselves into the industrial chain. However, few have studied deeply on the construction and transition process of niche entrepreneurial capability, a core component of the "niche strategy", from the perspective of attention and resources. Therefore, based on the theories of attention allocation and resource orchestration, this paper employed a longitudinal case study approach to systematically explore the evolutionary path of the niche entrepreneurial capability of Neat, a manufacturing single-item champion enterprise. The findings include: (1) the evolution of niche entrepreneurial capability in SRDI enterprises conforms to a three-stage model: the single-point exploration stage, at which the combination of "specialized" and "innovative" features is emphasized, the multi-dimensional integration stage, at which the integration of "refined" and "innovative" features is reflected, and the ecological collaboration stage, at which the intergrowth of "differential" and "innovative features" is highlighted; (2) the internalization mechanism, in conjunction with the identification of present and future opportunities for enterprises, adheres to the evolution path of "core technological breakthrough, market opportunity challenge, and enterprise interest enhancement"; and (3) the orchestration and combination of action mechanism constitutes the pivotal driving force behind the evolution of niche entrepreneurial capability. In this context, resource structuring exhibits a dynamic evolution characterized by "introduction and transformation", "accumulation", and "exploitation". Resource bundling displays an evolutionary upgrade encompassing "integration and innovation", "extension", and "stabilization". The utilization of resource capabilities achieves a logical progression of "agile response, optimized layout, and innovation leadership". This paper has explored the construction mechanism of niche entrepreneurial capability in SRDI enterprises, and broadened the scope and enriching the theoretical outcomes of research in the development of SRDI enterprises' niche entrepreneurial capability. It will provide both theoretical guidance and practical insights for SRDI enterprises to achieve high-quality development by leveraging on product systems and technological innovation.