Abstract: Abstract： Desirable outputs and undesirable outputs, e.g. pollutants, are both produced in the production activities. Some regulatory cost models with different environmental regulations are established based on environmental production technology. Using the panel data regarding carbon dioxide as the undesirable output in China, some results are obtained: the cost under stringent regulatory is much higher than the cost of general regulatory on the whole; some provinces, such as Liaoning and Fujian, are suitable for the stringent environmental regulation policies and some provinces, such as Gansu and Shanxi, are inclined to the policies of general environmental regulation; the regulatory cost of carbon dioxide is the negative correlatied with economic scale and the positive correlatied with carbon dioxide intensity.

Key words: environmental regulation, cost, carbon dioxide, directional distance function