Abstract: Familial entrepreneurial capabilities are the key factors of family entrepreneurship success, but existing research ignored entrepreneurial competence of the team level; Entrepreneurial capabilities cannot be formed without the support of familial resources, but the transformation process is still not clear; Entrepreneurship is accompanied by profound emotional involvement, but how emotions affect the entrepreneurial process is unknown. Based on these research gaps, this paper builds a conceptual model of the relationship among familial resources，entrepreneurial action learning and familial entrepreneurial capabilities，and analyses the moderating role of optimism. Taking 198 entrepreneurial families as research samples, this paper uses structural equation analysis method to conduct an empirical test on the theoretical hypothesis. From the research results, we finds that, familial entrepreneurial capabilities include three dimensions---opportunity capability, operations management capability and family cohesion, which are distinctly influenced by different types of familial resources; Entrepreneurial action learning can be divided into three dimensions---experiential reflection, interactive support and practical participation, which plays an intermediary role between familial resources and familial entrepreneurial capabilities; Optimism of varying degrees has different moderating effects on the relationship between entrepreneurial action learning and familial entrepreneurial capabilities. Finally, this paper proposes some management recommendations from four aspects--- formation and governance of entrepreneurial family, familial resource management, action learning behavior modeling, and emotional management.