Abstract:     Common prosperity has been established as the long-term goal of the new development stage. The 10th meeting of the Financial and Economic Commission of the CPC Central Committee in August 2021 again emphasized "promoting common prosperity through high-quality development". Common prosperity is reasonable and differentiated, which means that the income level of different groups is generally raised and the income gap is controlled within a reasonable range. In short, the key to the goal of common prosperity is to reduce income gap between different groups. In China, the gap between rich and poor has always been an important issue affecting social stability and economic development. China′s Gini coefficient was 0.465, and the proportion of middle-income groups was 29.58%, accounting for 389 million people in 2019. Therefore, it is particularly important to ease income inequality and expand the proportion of middle-income groups, which will become an important starting point for common prosperity in the new stage. It is urgent for China to achieve a win-win situation of high-quality development and common prosperity.On the other hand, innovation is the fundamental driving force for human development and social progress. However, due to the limitation factors such as system mechanism or lack of existing talents or technical foundation, some R&D may not be able to enter the actual production process. In other words, only the transformation of R&D can bring about economic growth and income gap improvement. A considerable part of China′s R&D is not still transformed, resulting in a low level of scientific and technological achievements transformation. As the most important channel for the scientific and technological achievements transformation, technology market is an important step for new technologies and inventions to realize their market value. It is also the key for innovation to support economic and social development. Therefore, based on the perspective of transactions in the technology market, it is urgent for China to study the influence and mechanism of the scientific and technological achievements transformation on common prosperity.Then, what is the effect of scientific and technological achievements transformation on common prosperity? What is the mechanism? Innovation is a dynamic process, including R&D and technology adoption. There are two main modes of transformation from R&D to technology adoption, that are self-application and transfer to others (also known as "scientific and technological achievements transformation"). An important channel to realize the transformation of R&D is transactions in the technology market, that is, R&D achievements are transferred to others by means of transfer and license through transaction in the technology market . Of course, our paper mainly focuses on the latter, the impact of the scientific and technological achievements transformation on common prosperity.Obviously, R&D increases the demand for high-skilled labor and wage income, causing a rise in the skill premium, which is expected to widen the income gap. However, the scientific and technological achievements transformation will increase the demand for low-skilled labor and wage income, leading to the decline of skill premium, which is expected to help expand the proportion of middle-income groups and improve income distribution to achieve common prosperity. According to the above analysis, some propositions are put forward in the paper. Therefore, based on the perspective of transactions in the technology market, this paper studied the effect of R&D and of scientific and technological achievements transformation on income distribution and the proportion of middle-income groups, and established the mechanism from the scientific and technological achievements transformation to common prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the scientific and technological achievements transformation on common prosperity.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, compared with R&D, the scientific and technological achievements transformation can play a role in alleviating the income gap and expanding the proportion of middle-income groups, that is, the scientific and technological achievements transformation can help realize common prosperity. Secondly, compared with the less developed regions and the central and western regions, the developed regions and the eastern regions have a stronger level and ability of the scientific and technological achievements transformation, which makes its impact on income inequality and the proportion of middle-income groups more obvious and significant. Thirdly, the mechanism analysis showed that scientific and technological achievements transformation can change the wage income through the supply and demand structure of high-skilled and low-skilled labor, and making skill premium becomes one of the mechanisms affecting common prosperity.The practical implication of this paper is that the government should attach great importance to the development of transactions in the technology market, improve the scientific and technological achievements transformation, and help the win-win situation of high-quality development and common prosperity. In the new stage of high-quality development, it is necessary to continue to deepen the market-oriented reform, improve the laws and regulations related to innovation, strengthen the intellectual property protection, and strive to break the innovation monopoly. We should build a technology exchange market platform to reduce information asymmetry as much as possible, and pay attention to improve the level and quality of technology exchange services. To summarize, while eliminating the key R&D, we must pay more attention to improve the levels and capabilities of the scientific and technological achievements transformation, and effectively play the role of the scientific and technological achievements transformation in easing the wage-income gap to achieve a unification of efficiency and fairness. Only in this way can we achieve the win-win situation of high-quality economic development and common prosperity.

Key words:  transaction in the technology market, transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievement, income distribution, middle-income group