Abstract: Based on Spatial Econometric Perspective，this paper takes Chinese 30 provinces as the research object and makes a spatial econometric analysis of factors and its influence on provincial resident energy consumption. The research results show that: 1.There is a significant spatial auto correlation in Chinese provincial residential energy consumption and most of residential energy consumption in space showed high - high and low - low concentration;2. The population scale is the most important factor influencing residential energy consumption and controlling the growth speed of urban population scale is the key to reduce the residential energy consumption;3. From the current effect, the direct and total effects of variables on residential energy consumption are significantly positive. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions need to control the growth rate of population scale, reduce the energy consumption intensity, guide and improve the residents' consumption structure.