科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 54-64.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.12.006

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

数据要素赋能:公共数据开放与企业投资效率

张婷婷1,丁菲2,李延喜3,常维4   

  1. 1.华东理工大学商学院,上海200237;
    2.中央财经大学会计学院,北京100081;
    3.大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁 大连116024;
    4.上海立信会计金融学院金融学院,上海201209
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-22 修回日期:2025-06-18 接受日期:2025-06-19 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 李延喜
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重点项目:“‘一带一路’沿线国家自然灾害对中国海外投资安全的影响研究”(24AJY032,2025.01—2027.12);
    国家自然科学基金面上项目:“意愿度、信息流与信息说服力:基于线上调研与实地调研并存场景下的研究”(72272031,2023.01—2025.12);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目:“IPO注册制改革与资本市场效率的理论与实证研究:来自监管市场化改革的证据”(21YJC630167,2022.01—2025.06);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目:“高管团队底线心智条件组态及对数字商业模式转型的影响研究”(23YJA630013,2024.01—2025.12);国家社科基金一般项目:“数字化背景下供应链融资的信用创造机制与风险控制研究”(22BGL068,2023.01—2025.12)。

The empowerment of data elements: Public data opening and enterprise investment efficiency

Zhang Tingting1, Ding Fei2, Li Yanxi3, Chang Wei4   

  1. 1. School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
    2. School of Accounting, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; 
    3. School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China;
    4. School of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201209, China

  • Received:2024-11-22 Revised:2025-06-18 Accepted:2025-06-19 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-15
  • Contact: yanxi, Li

摘要:    打破公共数据资源垄断局面,畅通数据要素流动,释放数据价值红利是数字经济时代构筑国家竞争新优势的重要抓手。本文以市级政府数据开放为准自然实验,构建多时点双重差分模型,检验公共数据平台开放对企业投资效率的影响及作用机制。研究发现:公共数据平台开放有助于提升企业投资效率,表现为缓解投资不足和抑制过度投资两类非效率投资行为,信息赋能效应与制度赋能效应是公共数据开放影响企业投资效率的关键机制。异质性分析表明,公共数据开放对企业投资效率的促进作用受公司资源禀赋、公共数据质量及区域政策协同的影响。拓展性研究显示,公共数据开放还带来供应链扩散效应、投资规模效应和区域溢出效应,并且能通过“有效率”的投资带动“有效益”的投资,推动企业生产经营效率升级。本文拓展了公共数据开放与市场微观主体决策效率的理论研究,发现了公共数据开放的正外部性,为数据要素优化资源配置效率提供了经验证据,是国家“培养发展数据生产力”在微观层面的真实写照,也证实了政府数据基础制度建设对经济高质量发展的积极意义。

关键词: 数据要素, 公共数据, 投资效率, 信息赋能, 制度赋能

Abstract:     Breaking public data monopoly, enabling seamless data flow, and releasing data dividends are crucial for constructing new national competitive advantages. This study employed a quasi-natural experiment utilizing the opening of China′s municipal government data to construct a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, assessing the impact of public data opening (PDO) on enterprise investment efficiency. The findings showed that PDO significantly improves investment efficiency by mitigating both underinvestment and overinvestment inefficiencies, primarily through information empowerment and institutional empowerment mechanisms. The heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impact of PDO on investment efficiency is influenced by enterprise characteristics, public data quality, and policy convergence. Further analysis identified supply chain diffusion, investment scale, and regional spillover effects. Furthermore, PDO has been found to drive "productive" investment through "efficient" investment. In addition, it has been determined that PDO can promote total factor productivity of enterprises. This study will contribute to the theoretical understanding of PDO′s role in market decision-making, highlight its positive externalities of PDO, and provide empirical evidence for optimizing resource allocation through data—reflecting the micro-level implementation of the nation′s "developing data productivity" strategy. It will also underscore the significance of government data infrastructure in fostering high-quality economic development.

Key words: data element, public data, investment efficiency, information empowerment, institutional empowerment