Abstract:    Emerging innovation ecosystems, such as those based on artificial intelligence foundation models, are rapidly taking shape. Unlike traditional industry innovation ecosystems, architects in these new ecosystems must navigate both positive and negative impacts of technological innovation during the experimental and exploratory phases of ecological construction. Further investigation is required to understand the formation mechanisms and governance strategies of these emerging industry innovation ecosystems. This paper employed a longitudinal case study approach, focusing on OpenAI, a leading research and development organization, to distill general patterns in the formation of emerging industry innovation ecosystems from the architect′s perspective. It also delved into the varied governance mechanisms employed by architects within industry innovation ecosystems. The study revealed that: first, in the initial exploration phase, architects clarify technical objectives through open architecture and extensive testing of various technology pathways; second, during the development breakthrough phase, architects achieve a comprehensive technology layout by leveraging collaborative architecture, making focused investments in selected technology routes, integrating internal technology governance, and embracing public oversight; and third, in the continuous growth phase, architects enhance joint industry governance and engage in governmental governance activities by integrating architecture and accelerating the construction of innovation ecosystems, thereby reinforcing the legitimacy of ecological development. This paper constructed a "structure-conduct-governance-performance" (SCGP) process model, identified multiple governance mechanisms, including technology governance, public supervision, industry governance, and participation in government governance, and advanced research on the formation mechanisms of emerging industry innovation ecosystems. It will hold significant implications for research and development organizations aiming to achieve breakthroughs in emerging technologies and expedite the development of emerging industry innovation ecosystems.

Key words: organized scientific research, technology innovation ecosystem, foundation model, architect, governance mechanism