A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are converging currently with the transformation of China′s development pattern. Profound changes have taken place in the economic environment at home and abroad. Facing the goal of building an Innovative Country and Advanced Country in science and technology, it is particularly important to optimize China′s science and technology innovation policy system and improve the effectiveness of national innovation system, so as to activate new driving force of high-quality development. This paper reviews the history of China′s science and technology system reform since the Reform and Opening Up, then proposes eight major components of science and technology innovation policy system, analyze the progress and achievements of the reform in key areas, such as strengthening the elements, enhancing innovation body′s function, improving the mechanism, cultivating industries, area development, optimizing the environment, and opening up. It is concluded that the scope of China′s science, technology and innovation policies have been extended from the field of scientific research to the related fields of economy, society and government governance. The policy focus has shifted from scientific research management to innovative services. The beneficiaries have been extended from scientific and technology personnel to all the social groups. 

The science and technology innovation policy system has covered a wide range of areas and tools. So far the policy has achieved good implementation effect. Due to the current development trend of science and technology innovation at home and abroad and the requirements of high-quality economic development, the science and technology innovation policy system in the new era should fully reflect new demands and requirements. This paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on how to improve the science and technology innovation policy system in the future, including strengthening basic research and primary innovation, improving evaluation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of talents for innovation, promoting openness and innovation at a higher level, and creating an innovative environment for fair competition. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen capacity building for policy research on scientific and technological innovation. 

In the future, it is necessary to keep science and technology innovation policy be goal-oriented and problem-oriented. We need to deepen the reform of the science andtechnology system, actively carry out institutional and policy innovation, in order to build a more mature and well-formed system of science and technology innovation policies. All of the above measures will contribute to the development of the national innovation system, so as to support high-quality development and ensure national security.