Science Research Management

Science Research Management ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 229-239.

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A research on prevention and control of major emergent public health risks in megacities

 Dai Jianbing, Wang Lei   

  1.  School of Humanities, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
  • Received:2020-03-02 Revised:2020-04-13 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-19
  • Supported by:
     

Abstract:  At the end of December 2019, the new coronary pneumonia epidemic suddenly broke out, causing many parties to pay attention to major public health risks. The epidemic has affected urban residents′ work, travel, tourism, education, medical care, etc., and has also caused people to worry about major public health risks in megacities. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization considered the new coronary pneumonia epidemic to constitute an "emergency public health event of international concern" and named the "new crown virus" as "2019-nCoV". On February 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization announced that the pneumonia disease caused by the infection of the new coronavirus "2019-nCoV" was officially named "COVID-19". From the perspective of sudden risks, the major risks faced by public health in megacities mainly stem from the fragmentation of public governance. Therefore, the prevention and governance of major public health risks in megacities has become an important research issue. After the outbreak of the New Coronary Pneumonia, major public health risk prevention and treatment in megacities require smooth policy transmission and implementation. Although the urban health department attaches great importance, when faced with the sudden risk of epidemic, the fragmentation of public governance in megacities has become an invisible obstacle in the process of public health policy transmission in megacities, which is very likely to cause public panic in megacities. The crisis has triggered unnecessary urban problems. Therefore, the overall governance model is the key to solving the fragmentation of public governance in megacities, thereby promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.

Therefore, in view of the sudden major public health risks faced by megacities, this paper draws on the balanced scorecard theory (BSC) to construct a framework of overall governance models under the perspective of sudden risks, including simulation models, policy models, and assessment models, positioning mode and sharing mode. Among them, the simulation mode is to carry out the simulation simulation of "crisis-risk" through the APP in time to predict the magnitude of major public health risks facing the mega-city in the future; the policy mode is to implement a more efficient urban public health policy, and then build a risk governance network To improve the prevention and control of public health risks in megacities; positioning mode refers to the risk management networked defense line constructed through the policy model to accurately target key groups of public health risks; assessment mode refers to external citizen evaluation and staff performance implement multiple performance assessments for the public sector of megacities; the sharing model refers to the series of achievements achieved through the above simulation model, policy model, assessment model, and positioning model. Under the international perspective, the city′s public health information sharing is achieved and the overall megacity is strengthened. Risk governance programs, including the following: the size of major public health risks, the number of urban public health policies, the networked line of defense for risk governance, the precise positioning of key groups of public health risks, and the performance assessment of the public sector in megacities, the urban spread of the virus epidemic and other six aspects.
This paper uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to conduct an empirical analysis of the overall governance model framework. The results of the study show that: "simulation mode", "assessment mode", and "sharing mode" have a greater impact on the overall governance of major public health risks in megacities, but the impact of "policy mode" and "positioning mode" in the short term is not enough obvious. From the research results, we can see that in the short term, "simulation mode", "assessment mode", and "sharing mode" have a certain impact on the overall governance of major public health risks in megacities, but the impact of the policy model and positioning model in the short term is not obvious. Based on the above-mentioned "simulation mode", "policy mode", "positioning mode", "assessment mode", and "sharing mode", the research proposes the following three comprehensive prevention strategies for major public health risks in cities. Among them, comprehensive prevention and control strategy 1 combines "sharing mode" and "positioning mode", strategy 2 combines "policy mode", "assessment mode" and "sharing mode", and strategy 3 combines "simulation mode" and "policy mode" . Therefore, when faced with major public health risks, the five major models should be integrated and the following prevention and governance measures should be adopted: build a network of defense lines for risk governance and accurately locate public health risk areas; establish an urban public health information sharing mechanism to improve urban health responsibility system; strengthen the overall risk management ideas of megacities from an international perspective, and formulate a production and life adjustment plan for the middle and late periods of public outbreaks.

 

Key words: sudden risk, urban public health, balanced scorecard, structural equation, holistic governance

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