简政放权、创新环境与科技小微企业创新意愿

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 简政放权是当前政府部门助推中小微企业减负松绑、优化区域环境的重要抓手，然而学界缺乏围绕简政放权与小微企业创新关系的实证研究。本文以国内399家科技小微企业为研究对象，在对相关概念进行界定的基础上，构建简政放权、创新环境及企业创新意愿三者间关系模型并进行实证检验。结果表明：“简政”和“放权”均会对创新环境和企业创新意愿产生显著正向影响，且“放权”的影响作用更强；二者的交互项也显著正向影响创新环境及企业创新意愿，且对创新意愿的影响更强。创新环境在“简政”、“放权”两个维度与企业创新意愿的关系之间均起到了部分中介作用，然而其在“简政”与创新意愿关系间的中介作用更显著。此外，简政放权在传统行政区内的作用效果总体上更显著，在新兴开发区内创新环境对企业创新意愿的正向影响更显著；扩大企业生产经营权力等三项举措对企业创新意愿及创新环境的正向影响最为显著。

关键词: 简政放权, 创新环境, 企业创新意愿, 科技小微企业

Abstract: Although the central and local government departments have repeatedly emphasized the need to further the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels", optimize the innovation environment and stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation, the academia lacks systematic research on this view at the theoretical level. In order to promote the innovation development of science and technology micro- and small-enterprises, the scientific question that needs to be considered and verified is: does the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels" enhance the innovation willingness of technology micro- and small-enterprises? How does the reform enhance the willingness to innovate of technology micro- and small-enterprises? The in-depth discussion of these questions can help the government deepening the reform and promote the innovation development of technology micro- and small-enterprises.Based on the existing theories and literature, we construct a model of the relationship between the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels", innovation environment and innovative intention of enterprises to examine the mechanism of influence of the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels" on the innovative intention of technology micro- and small-enterprises. In this study, 399 valid questionnaires were collected from Chinese technology micro- and small-enterprises, and the questionnaire distribution method and the reliability and validity of the variables were tested to be acceptable for subsequent analysis. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed：(1) The two dimensions of the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels" (reducing red tape and giving autonomy to enterprises) and their interaction terms both positively affect the innovation environment and innovation willingness, and the effect of "decentralization" is stronger. (2) Innovation environment partially mediates the relationship between the two dimensions of the "streamline administration and delegate power" and willingness to innovate, and the mediating effect of innovation environment is stronger between the reduction of red tape and willingness to innovate. (3) There is a significant regional effect on the effect of decentralization on willingness to innovate, i.e., the effect of decentralization is generally more significant in traditional administrative regions, while the positive effect of innovation environment on the willingness to innovate of technology micro- and small-enterprises is stronger in emerging development zones. (4) Among the measures of the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels", "decentralization" measures, such as expanding enterprises′ production and operation power, relaxing market access conditions, and strengthening enterprises′ market responsibilities, are more effective in creating a good innovation environment and enhancing innovation intentions, and the various "decentralization" measures compared with "streamline administration" and "decentralization" can optimize the innovation environment and enhance the willingness to innovate of small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology.Based on the above research, the practical implications of this study include: (1) The direct and interactive effects of the reform of "streamline administration and delegating power to lower levels" show that the "reduction" and "slimming" of non-technology government departments is also a booster to promote innovation-driven development strategy and enterprise innovation. The implementation of the decentralization of government should not only play the "simplification" and "decentralization" of their respective effectiveness, but also to play a good "combination" of the two, to give full effect to "streamline administration" and "decentralization" synergy. (2) The intermediary effect of innovation environment shows that government departments should deepen the decentralization and simplification of government to create a good innovation environment for science and technology micro- and small-enterprises, and then improve the innovation enthusiasm of science and technology micro- and small-enterprises. (3) The regional effect of decentralization suggests that the government should adopt targeted measures according to the characteristics and needs of different types of enterprises, and avoid a "one-size-fits-all" policy. (4) The decomposition effect of "Streamline administration and delegate power" shows that since "decentralization" can create a more innovative environment and enhance enterprises′ willingness to innovate. Then, government departments should effectively increase "decentralization" efforts, optimize the list of powers and responsibilities, relax market access restrictions, provide a more free and fair innovation environment for enterprise innovation, and stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology.

Key words: streamlining administration and delegating power to lower levels, innovation environment, enterprise innovative willingness, S&T micro- and small-enterprise

郑烨, 姜蕴珊, 秦毅. 简政放权、创新环境与科技小微企业创新意愿[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(2): 65-72.

Zheng Ye, Jiang Yunshan, Qin Yi. Streamline administration and delegate power to enterprise, innovation environment and the innovation willingness of S&T micro- and small-enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(2): 65-72.

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