科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 149-160.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

服务环境对新生企业家创业导向的影响

黄永春1,2,张惟佳1,徐军海3   

  1. 1.河海大学 商学院，江苏 南京211100；
    2.“世界水谷”与水生态文明协同创新中心，江苏 南京211100；
    3.江苏省社科联社科研究中心，江苏 南京210013

  • 收稿日期:2019-03-11 修回日期:2019-08-07 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 黄永春
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目：“供需匹配视角下提升我国新兴产业企业家创业胜任力的政策供给研究”（16AGL005,2016.06—2019.12）；南京市社会科学基金重大项目：“南京构建具有全球竞争力的人才制度体系研究”（18CA02,2018.09—2019.12）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目：“‘一带一路’沿线国家创业政策的评价研究”（2019B30314,2019.01—2019.12）。

Impact of service environment on entrepreneurial orientation of new entrepreneurs

Huang Yongchun1,2, Zhang Weijia1, Xu Junhai3   

  1. 1. Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China; 
    2. World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China;
    3. Jiangsu Association of Social Science, Institute of Society Science Research, Nanjing 210013, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2019-03-11 Revised:2019-08-07 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-23

摘要： 随着我国“大众创业、万众创新”战略部署的推进，国民的创业热情被激发。然而，我国创业服务体系和营商环境仍不够完善，部分新生企业家在创业时存在战略导向迷失的情形。基于GEM指标体系，解析了服务环境对新生企业家创业导向选择的影响机制，并借助社会认知论探究了创业自我效能在服务环境与新生企业家创业导向间的中介效应。研究发现：（1）服务环境不仅能促进新生企业家追求产品开发，还能推动其实施规模扩张。具体而言，研发转移环境、制度支持环境更能激励新生企业家实施产品开发；而社会文化环境、中介服务环境更能驱动新生企业家寻求规模扩张。（2）服务环境能促进新生企业家感知创业机会、提高感知技能、强化风险承担和积极拓展网络，提升其创业自我效能，进而促进其选择与实施创业导向。（3）相比OECD国家，非OECD国家的社会文化环境、研发转移环境、中介服务环境、制度支持环境等创业服务环境相对滞后，因而对产品开发的激励效应相对较弱。

关键词: 服务环境, 新生企业家, 创业导向, 创业自我效能

Abstract:

At present, although our governments at all levels have set up a variety of entrepreneurship service platforms, some new entrepreneurs are trapped in excessive capacity expansion or R&D inefficiency because of the imperfect service environment such as R&D transfer and institutional support, and the lack of differentiated and hierarchical entrepreneurship services, as well as the weak product R&D capabilities of new enterprises. The dilemma of low rate restricts the construction of entrepreneurship economy in China. Therefore, based on GEM data, through theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper deeply explores the impact mechanism of social and cultural environment, R&D transfer environment, intermediary service environment and institutional support environment on entrepreneurial orientation of new entrepreneurs, and analyzes the heterogeneity of service environment on different entrepreneurial orientation, to provide theoretical guidance and policy recommendations for the optimization of China′s entrepreneurial service environment.
    This paper matches GEM′s NES and APS databases, as well as the World Bank databases, and obtains the unbalanced panel data of 42 countries (regions) from 2001 to 2016.  The empirical results we obtained on the direct effects are as follows:
    (1) Social and cultural environment has a significant positive impact on scale expansion orientation and product development orientation. 
    (2) R&D transfer environment has a significant positive impact on both scale expansion orientation and product development orientation. 
   (3) The intermediary service environment has a significant positive impact on the scale expansion orientation and product development orientation. 
   (4) Institutional support environment has a significant positive impact on scale expansion orientation and product development orientation. 
  And the mediating effect is as follows: service environment can promote entrepreneurs′ perception of entrepreneurial opportunities, improve their perception skills, enhance risk tolerance, expand their relationship networks, and improve their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, thus affecting the choice and implementation of entrepreneurial orientation for new entrepreneurs.

Key words:  service environment, new entrepreneur, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy