开放创新下知识产权保护与区域创新能力提升：堵还是疏？

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在开放创新悖论和负外部性并存的前提下，知识产权的“疏堵”保护模式对地区创新能力影响一直是学界关注的热点问题。基于2012—2018年中国31个省份的面板数据，运用面板固定效应模型，实证检验了开放创新范式下知识产权保护对区域创新能力的影响效应及机制，研究发现：在开放创新范式下，采用“重堵轻疏”的知识产权保护模式影响知识产权的创新溢出效应，不利于区域创新能力的提升，同样采用“重疏轻堵”的知识产权保护模式，由于缺乏创新者激励，同样也不利于地区创新能力提升；只有建立“以市场化疏通为目的，以核心利益保护为底线”的市场化促进与保护模式，才更有利于实现创新者激励与区域创新能力提升双重效应。本研究结果丰富了知识产权保护与区域创新研究方面的文献，对我国政府制定支持区域提升创新能力、知识产权保护政策具有理论和现实参考价值。

关键词: 知识产权保护, 开放创新, 区域创新能力

Abstract: As an important institutional arrangement to promote knowledge production and technological innovation, intellectual property protection helps to improve independent innovation capabilities, protect the core interests of enterprises, and guide the innovation drive of China′s economic development. Entering the era of knowledge economy, the global economic development model and innovation logic are constantly being upgraded and reorganized. The follow-up development model that China has relied on for a long time with low factor costs and light-based innovation is unsustainable. Pioneering innovation and system innovation have become the key drivers of a country′s economic growth.
Based on the perspective of open innovation, this paper builds a new research framework, analyzes the impact of the "dredging" and "blocking" modes of intellectual property rights on regional innovation capabilities, and explores the moderating effect of open innovation model of "dredge and blockage" combination on the relationship between intellectual property protection and innovation capability level. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2018, using the panel fixed effect model, this study empirically tested the effect and mechanism of intellectual property protection on regional innovation capabilities under the paradigm of open innovation, and found that:
First, during the investigation period, under the paradigm of open innovation, intellectual property protection of strong externalities has an inhibitory effect on regional innovation, adopting the intellectual property protection model of "heavy blockage but light dredge" affects the innovation spillover effect of intellectual property rights, it is not conducive to the improvement of regional innovation capabilities.
Second, under the regulating effect of the open innovation model of cooperative R&D between local companies and multinational companies, cooperative R&D between local companies, and industry-university-research collaborative innovation, the negative impact of intellectual property protection on regional innovation capabilities is weakened. However, it does not mean that the protection of intellectual property rights is weakened, but that under the paradigm of open cooperation, the parties to the cooperation do not obtain value through the closed protection of intellectual property rights, but jointly innovate value through market-oriented cooperation. The interaction of market-oriented interests is the key privacy that drives enterprises to choose closed or open intellectual property rights.
Third, in different regions of China, there are significant differences in the impact of intellectual property protection on the development of innovation capabilities, and there is still much room for improvement in the overall level of intellectual property protection. The inhibitory effect of intellectual property protection on innovation output is the most obvious in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and the least obvious in the west. Under the moderating effect of open innovation, the protection of intellectual property rights in the eastern and central regions has a more significant inhibitory effect on the output of invention patents in innovation activities.
The market-oriented intellectual property promotion model of "blocking or dredging" proposed by this paper has put forward a new idea for the market-oriented promotion and protection of intellectual property rights in China. The research results enrich the literature on intellectual property protection and regional innovation research, and have theoretical and practical reference value for the Chinese government to formulate policies to support regional innovation capabilities and intellectual property protection.

Key words: intellectual property protection, open innovation, regional innovation capability

蔡双立张晓丹. 开放创新下知识产权保护与区域创新能力提升：堵还是疏？[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(5): 149-158.

Cai Shuangli, Zhang Xiaodan. Intellectual property protection and regional innovation capability enhancement under open innovation: Blocking or dredging?[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(5): 149-158.

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