随着互联网、5G等新一代信息技术的迅猛发展，企业需要跨域组织边界，通过研发搜索行为捕捉创新机会、激发创新灵感、培养新技能从而提升企业的创新能力和绩效，但研发搜索行为是问题使然还是预知先知是企业研发中的一个重要的战略问题。本文基于组织行为理论，系统研究了绩效反馈、审时度势以及在联盟惯例的调节下，他们对企业研发搜索行为选择的影响。研究发现，当绩效反馈低于期望值时，企业会加强研发搜索；当绩效反馈高于期望值时，企业会减少研发搜索；当决策者预期未来绩效高于未来期望值时，企业会减少研发搜索。当绩效反馈低于期望值和预期未来绩效优于未来期望绩效时，联盟惯例在其中发挥负向的调节作用，但是当绩效反馈高于期望值时，联盟惯例强化了企业的搜索行为。研究结论部分解决了如何促进企业进行研发搜索行为，如何有效利用惯例的相关作用的问题，这对推动企业创新，提升企业核心竞争力具有重要的理论和实践意义。
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet, 5G and other new generations of information technology, enterprises need to cross-domain organization boundaries to capture innovative opportunities, inspire innovative inspiration and cultivate new skills so as to improve the innovative ability of enterprises through R&D search behavior. However, the existing researches ignore the motivation for the R&D search. In fact, taking what kind of R&D search strategy, whether or not to carry out R&D search and when to conduct R&D search are the key strategic issues in the process of enterprise innovation. Therefore, whether it is caused by problem making or predicting is very important for R&D search behavior. Based on the relevant theories of organizational behavior (OB), with the foundation of analyzing the differences between performance feedback and judging the situation, the alliance routines are incorporated into the research model to study the strategic impacts of performance feedback, judging the situation on R&D search behavior under the moderate of alliance routines. Based on the data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange website and questionnaire, this paper selects 295 enterprises in the manufacturing industry, construction industry and information transmission industry as samples, and analyzes the strategy selection of enterprises′ R&D search behavior combined with the research methods of hierarchical regression.The results show that when the performance feedback is lower than the expected value, enterprises will strengthen R&D search; when the performance feedback is higher than the expected value, enterprises will reduce R&D search intensity; when the decision-maker expects the future performance to be higher than the future expectations, companies will reduce the R&D search. When the performance feedback is lower than the expected value and the expected future performance is better than the future performance, alliance routines play a negative moderating role in it. But when the performance feedback is higher than the expected value, alliance routines strengthen the R&D search behavior of enterprises. Through the study of this paper, we also find that the changes in short-term performance have an important impact on the future R&D search behavior of enterprises.This research results fill the gaps in the theoretical part of enterprise R&D search. The existing researches on R&D search mainly focus on the classification of R&D search, and then study their impact on innovative performance. Combining with the relevant research of rational person, this paper proposes a variable of judging the situation to further explain the R&D search behavior of the enterprise based on the performance feedback research. It is believed that the gap between the expectation of the shareholders for future corporate performance and the expected reality will directly affect the R&D search intensity of enterprises. When the expectations are lower than the future performance, enterprises will strengthen the R&D search; At the same time, it is found that the comparison between the future satisfaction performance of the decision maker and the future expected performance will also have an impact on the company′s R&D search behavior. Therefore, the existing research on search theory is expanded.The results also show that alliance routines have different degrees of influence on R&D search behavior through their gradual and fixed behavior pattern. Alliance routines play a negative moderating role when the performance feedback is lower than the expected value and the expected future value is better than the future performance. However, when the performance feedback is higher than the expected value, alliance routines strengthen enterprises′ R&D search behavior. This research has important practical significance for the selection behavior of R&D search intensity. In the strategic choice of R&D search, enterprise decision-makers can guide organizational change or innovation through appropriate target levels and expectation value. Not only can they respond to performance feedback, but they can also take proactive action to make a full, detailed and scientific prediction of the future and make careful preparation in advance.
关键词
绩效反馈 /
审时度势 /
研发搜索行为 /
联盟惯例 /
策略选择
Key words
performance feedback /
judging situation /
R&D search behavior /
alliance routine /
strategy selection
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1]陈钰芬, 叶伟巍.企业内部 R&D 和外部知识搜寻的交互关系——STI 和 DUI 产业的创新战略分析 [J].科学学研究, 2013, 31(2): 266-275.
[2]Nelson Richard R.An evolutionary theory of economic change [M]. harvard university press, 2009.
[3]Laursen Keld, Salter Ammon.Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms [J].Strategic management journal, 2006, 27(2): 131-150.
[4]Ledwith Ann, Martini Antonella, Nicholas John, Nosella Anna.Exploring radical innovation search practices [J].International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 2013, 8(4): 389-405.
[5]Lin Chen-Ju, Li Ci-Rong.The effect of boundary-spanning search on breakthrough innovations of new technology ventures [J].Industry and Innovation, 2013, 20(2): 93-113.
[6]Li Qiang, Maggitti Patrick G, Smith Ken G, Tesluk Paul E, Katila Riitta.Top management attention to innovation: The role of search selection and intensity in new product introductions [J].Academy of Management Journal, 2013, 56(3): 893-916.
[7]洪茹燕.国外组织创新搜索研究述评 [J].重庆大学学报: 社会科学版, 2013, 18(6): 46-54.
[8]Rhee Luke, Ocasio William, Kim Tae-Hyun.Performance Feedback in Hierarchical Business Groups: The Cross-Level Effects of Cognitive Accessibility on R&D Search Behavior [J].Organization Science, 2019, 30(1): 51-69.
[9]Posen Hart E, Keil Thomas, Kim Sangyun, Meissner Felix D.Renewing research on problemistic search—A review and research agenda [J].Academy of Management Annals, 2018, 12(1): 208-251.
[10]李健, 潘镇, 陈景仁.期望绩效反馈, 公司发展与技术创新研究 [J].科研管理, 2018, 39(6): 122-130.
[11]Chng Daniel Han Ming, Shih Eric, Rodgers Matthew S, Song Xiao-Bing.Managers’ marketing strategy decision making during performance decline and the moderating influence of incentive pay [J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2015, 43(5): 629-647.
[12]Kim Tohyun, Rhee Mooweon.Structural and behavioral antecedents of change: Status, distinctiveness, and relative performance [J].Journal of Management, 2017, 43(3): 716-741.
[13]Fiol C Marlene, Lyles Marjorie A.Organizational learning [J].Academy of management review, 1985, 10(4): 803-813.
[14]徐敏, 张卓, 宋晨晨, 王文华.开放创新搜索, 知识转移与创新绩效——基于无标度加权网络的仿真研究 [J].科学学研究, 2017, 35(7): 1085-1094.
[15]Snihur Yuliya, Wiklund Jonas.Searching for innovation: Product, process, and business model innovations and search behavior in established firms [J].Long Range Planning, 2019, 52(3): 305-325.
[16]叶江峰, 陈珊, 郝斌.知识搜寻如何影响企业创新绩效? 研究述评与展望 [J].外国经济与管理, 2020, 42(3): 17-34.
[17]O'brien Jonathan P, David Parthiban.Reciprocity and R&D search: Applying the behavioral theory of the firm to a communitarian context [J].Strategic management journal, 2014, 35(4): 550-565.
[18]李璨, 吕渭星, 周长辉.绩效反馈与组织响应: 文献综述与展望 [J].外国经济与管理, 2019, 41(10): 81-108.
[19]Greve Henrich R.A behavioral theory of R&D expenditures and innovations: Evidence from shipbuilding [J].Academy of Management Journal, 2003, 46(6): 685-702.
[20]Iyer Dinesh N, Miller Kent D.Performance feedback, slack, and the timing of acquisitions [J].Academy of Management Journal, 2008, 51(4): 808-822.
[21]Carter E Eugene.The behavioral theory of the firm and top-level corporate decisions [J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 1971: 413-429.
[22]孙永磊, 宋晶, 陈劲.组织惯例研究的主流框架探索和未来研究趋势分析 [J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2019, 40(01): 100-112.
[23]刘景东, 杜鹏程.惯例视角下联盟管理能力的构成及其对联盟组合绩效的影响研究 [J].管理评论, 2015, 27(8): 150-162.
[24]Zollo Maurizio, Reuer Jeffrey J, Singh Harbir.Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances [J].Organization Science, 2002, 13(6): 701-713.
[25]Foss Nicolai J, Pedersen Torben.Microfoundations in international management research: The case of knowledge sharing in multinational corporations [J].Journal of International Business Studies, 2019, 50(9): 1594-1621.
[26]Fritsch Michael, Titze Mirko, Piontek Matthias.Identifying cooperation for innovation―a comparison of data sources [J].Industry and Innovation, 2019: 1-30.
[27]Goh Kenneth T, Pentland Brian T.From Actions to Paths to Patterning: Toward a Dynamic Theory of Patterning in Routines [J].Academy of Management Journal, 2019, 62(6): 1901-1929.
[28]刘景东, 朱梦妍.技术创新网络惯例的治理功能及维度构建 [J].管理科学, 2019, 32(3): 106-119.
[29]Cyert Richard M, March James G.A behavioral theory of the firm [J].Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1963, 2(4): 169-187.
[30]Chen Wei-Ru.Determinants of firms' backward-and forward-looking R&D search behavior [J].Organization Science, 2008, 19(4): 609-622.
[31]Fredrickson James W.Effects of decision motive and organizational performance level on strategic decision processes [J].Academy of Management Journal, 1985, 28(4): 821-843.
[32]Gavetti Giovanni, Levinthal Daniel.Looking forward and looking backward: Cognitive and experiential search [J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 2000, 45(1): 113-137.
[33]朱丽娜, 贺小刚, 贾植涵.“穷困” 促进了企业的研发投入?——环境不确定性与产权保护力度的调节效应 [J].经济管理, 2017, 39(11): 67-84.
[34]Schneider Sandra L.Framing and conflict: Aspiration level contingency, the status quo, and current theories of risky choice [J].Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1992, 18(5): 1040-1057.
[35]Hayward Mathew La, Hambrick Donald C.Explaining the premiums paid for large acquisitions: Evidence of CEO hubris [J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 1997: 103-127.
[36]Kelly Dawn, Amburgey Terry L.Organizational inertia and momentum: A dynamic model of strategic change [J].Academy of Management Journal, 1991, 34(3): 591-612.
[37]Kahneman Daniel, Tversky Amos. Choices, values, and frames [M]. Handbook of the fundamentals of financial decision making: Part I. World Scientific. 2013: 269-278.
[38]March James G, Shapira Zur.Managerial perspectives on risk and risk taking [J].Management science, 1987, 33(11): 1404-1418.
[39]Hill Charles Wl, Snell Scott A.Effects of ownership structure and control on corporate productivity [J].Academy of Management Journal, 1989, 32(1): 25-46.
[40]王思梦, 井润田, 邵云飞.联盟惯例对企业双元创新能力的影响机制研究 [J].管理科学, 2019, 32(02): 19-32.
[41]殷俊杰, 邵云飞.创新搜索和惯例的调节作用下联盟组合伙伴多样性对创新绩效的影响研究 [J].管理学报, 2017, 14(4): 545.
[42]王菁, 程博, 孙元欣.期望绩效反馈效果对企业研发和慈善捐赠行为的影响 [J].管理世界, 2014, 8: 115-133.
[43]孙永磊, 党兴华, 宋晶.网络惯例形成的影响因素探索及实证研究 [J].科学学研究, 2014, 32(2): 267-275.
基金
安徽省自然科学基金面上项目（2208085MG184，2022.02—2024.12）；国家自然科学基金项目（71972002，2020.01—2023.12；71972001，2020.01—2023.12；71872001，2019.01—2022.12）。
