科研团队是大科学时代最基本的科研组织形式,但现实中科研团队缺乏有效合作却成为中国科技发展痼疾。论文从科研团队合作网络角度分析对科研团队合作紧密程度的影响因素,并以华南地区部分高校92个团队为样本进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)小规模团队(10人以下)在合作网络密度与合作强度上均优于大规模团队(25人以上),且成立时间短的团队合作程度最高;(2)样本团队成员中不同学科背景对学术合作没有显著影响,也反映现实中团队成员跨学科合作并没有有效实现;(3)团队角色的完整性与均衡性对合作网络密度、合作强度有显著正向作用,表明团队角色完整性与均衡性对团队有效合作至关重要;(4)团队冲突对科研合作有负向作用。为此,在推动高校科研团队发展中应尽可能控制团队规模;尤其要注重团队中角色的完整性与均衡性,团队成员需要有明确的角色与功能分工;建立规则化解冲突机制,减少合作冲突。
Abstract
This article tries to dig internal factors from the team level. Organizational behavior, management science and other disciplines provide this paper with a theoretical support, from which this paper extracts the main factors affecting the cooperation level of overall team: Heterogeneity, the complexity of the organizational structure, complete and balanced role, and team conflict. Besides, this paper also uses social network to analyze the team cooperative situation through questionnaires, using structural equation model methods, and the paper gets some main conclusions:(1) Large-scale groups (25 people or more) are inferior to small teams (10 people) in cooperative network density, the intensity of cooperation and cohesion; groups founded in short time have strongest team cohesion; and the more the teachers in teams the weaker the team cohesion; (2) Gender and age heterogeneity does not adversely affect cooperation, on the contrary, has a positive effect on the cooperative network and the cooperation cohesion; task-oriented heterogeneity has negative effect on cooperation, indicating that university research team did not achieve cooperation in essence;(3) The levels and Divided small groups in large-scale teams are generally above normal levels, leading the team organizational structure more complex and resulting higher costs of communication and coordination; and (4) Research team conflict has played a negative role on university research cooperation, the negative effects of the program conflict is more significant, thankfully, the conflict in university research team is not very strong, it has a certain relationship with the high quality of the members in team.
关键词
科研团队 /
合作程度 /
影响因素 /
合作网络
Key words
scientific research team /
cooperative degree /
influencing factors /
cooperation network
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基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"我国产学研合作创新理论与政策研究"(71233003);国家自然科学基金面上项目"重大科技项目合作机理与政策研究"(71373085);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"协同创新的理论、机制与政策研究"(12JZD042);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"科研项目执行中合作困境及治理"(14YJA630076)。
