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基于演化博弈的科技向善协同驱动机制研究
Research on the collaborative driving mechanism of science and technology for social good based on evolutionary game
驱动科技向善作为实现科技普惠、化解重大社会性议题以及赋能社会脆弱与特殊群体的关键行动,对回应利益相关群体诉求、改善民生福祉具有重要意义。本研究构建了消费者、企业与政府三方协同驱动科技向善的演化博弈模型,分析各博弈主体策略选择与博弈系统均衡点的稳定性,并运用Matlab 2024a进行数值仿真分析,考察关键参数变化下各主体行为策略演化路径。结果表明:在协同驱动科技向善过程中,三方博弈主体最终演化稳定策略是消费者参与科技向善、企业积极落实科技向善以及政府对科技向善进行严格治理;三方主体初始策略选择概率、政府奖惩、企业商业与声誉收益、消费者收益、三方主体损失等参数的不同取值会显著影响其行为策略的演化,即三方主体初始策略选择概率提高、政府奖惩强化、企业商业与声誉收益改善、消费者收益强化以及三方主体消极策略所引致损失的增大,均对演化系统达到理想的稳定状态产生作用。本研究丰富了协同驱动科技向善的机制探索,为推动消费者、企业与政府的策略选择朝积极方向演化提供理论与实践参考。
As a key action to realize the benefits of science and technology, address major social issues, and empower vulnerable and special groups in society, driving science and technology for social good holds significant importance in responding to the demands of stakeholder groups and improving people’s well-being. This study constructed an evolutionary game model of consumers, enterprises and the government in collaborative driving science and technology for social good, analyzed the strategic choices of each game subject and the stability of the equilibrium point of the game system, and carried out the numerical simulation analysis by using Matlab 2024a, to investigate the evolutionary path of behavioral strategy of each subject in the context of changes of key parameters. As results shown, in the process of collaborative driving science and technology for social good, the final evolution of the three-party game subjects’ stable strategy is consumers’ participation in science and technology for social good, enterprises’ active implementation of science and technology for social good, and the government’s rigorous governance of science and technology for social good; different parameter values of the three-party subjects’ initial strategy selection probability, the government’s level of rewards and penalties, enterprises’ commercial and reputational gains, consumers’ gains, and the three-party subjects’ loss can significantly affect the behavioral strategy evolution. That is, the increase in the three-party subjects’ initial strategy selection probability, the reinforcement of the government’s level of rewards and penalties, the improvement of enterprises’ commercial and reputational gains, the enhancement of consumers’ gains, and the increase in the losses caused by the three-party subjects’ negative strategies all contribute to the evolutionary system reaching an ideal stable state. The study has enriched the exploration of mechanism for collaborative driving science and technology for social good and will provide theoretical and practical reference to the evolution of strategic choices of consumers, enterprises and the government in positive directions.
science and technology for social good / multi-agent / evolutionary game / numerical simulation
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科技向善强调科学技术在与社会的关联过程中形成对社会公益和公共价值的关注，反映智能时代科学技术与企业组织实现责任联结的有效方式，对指导新兴科技企业参与良好社会构建具有重要意义。采用文献计量和文献分析法对986篇外文文献进行梳理，剖析科技向善的内涵特征与实现过程，并基于2010—2020年文献明确当前和未来科技向善治理场景。研究发现：①科技向善在面向社会、科学技术现代性认识以及社会影响方面具有社会预见、社会能力和价值尺度内涵特征；②在过程层面，科学技术创新、科学技术采纳和可持续发展是科技向善实现因素，通过企业社会责任与个体伦理困境合作得以实现；③在当前和未来治理场景下，科技向善聚焦于技术治理、组织治理和可持续发展治理。
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人工智能的“多手问题”，越来越高的自主性和学习能力以及研发和应用中的“道德运气”因素共同造成了人工智能事故的道德责任归因难题。现有方案多少存在理论上的不足，也不能很好的用于实际问题的解决。而人工智能事故的统计结果和人工智能的研发机构组成表明，企业作为一股中坚力量，在加速推进人工智能技术的发展和产业落地方面贡献突出，但是也加剧了人工智能的伦理风险。无论是从学术的还是从现实的角度来看，人工智能相关企业都不应该被免除道德责任。另外，在相关法律和行业标准还没有及时更新和制定的阶段，软性的激励和惩戒手段将会在伦理规制层面发挥很好的补充和实践作用。因此，制定道德层面的具体规制措施会是引导企业积极承担道德责任的有效进路。
“The problem of many hands” of AI, increasing autonomy and learning ability, and “moral luck” in development and application of AI cause the moral responsibility dilemma of AI. The existing strategies are not perfect enough and can not be used to solve the practical problems well. The statistical results of AI accidents and the composition of AI research institutions show that enterprises play a very important role in accelerating the development of AI technology and industry landing, but also aggravate the ethical risks of AI. Therefore, from both an academic and a practical point of view, AI companies should not be exempt from moral responsibility. In addition, in the relevant laws and industry standards have not been updated or formulated in a timely manner, so soft incentives and punishment measures will play a complementary role in ethical regulation. To formulate specific regulatory measures on the moral level will be an effective way to guide enterprises to actively undertake moral responsibilities.
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In this study, we explored the capacity for two promising macrophytes, Typha domingensis and Typha elephantina, to be used for the surveillance of contamination by six metals, i.e., Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in the mountainous area of Taif City in Saudi Arabia. Regression models were generated in order to forecast the metal concentrations within the plants’ organs, i.e., the leaves, flowers, peduncles, rhizomes, and roots. The sediment mean values for pH and the six metals varied amongst the sampling locations for the respective macrophytes, indicating that similar life forms fail to indicate equivalent concentrations. For instance, dissimilar concentrations of the metals under investigation were observed within the organs of the two rooted macrophytes. The research demonstrated that the segregation of metals is a regular event in all the investigated species in which the metal concentrations vary amongst the different plant constituent types. In the current study, T. domingensis and T. elephantina varied in their capacity to absorb specific metals; the bioaccumulation of metals was greater within T. domingensis. The relationships between the observed and model-estimated metal levels, in combination with high R2 and modest mean averaged errors, offered an appraisal of the goodness of fit of most of the generated models. The t-tests revealed no variations between the observed and model-estimated concentrations of the six metals under investigation within the organs of the two macrophytes, which emphasised the precision of the models. These models offer the ability to perform hazard appraisals within ecosystems and to determine the reference criteria for sediment metal concentration. Lastly, T. domingensis and T. elephantina exhibit the potential for bioaccumulation for the alleviation of contamination from metals.
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This study examines blockchain technologies and their pivotal role in the evolving Metaverse, shedding light on topics such as how to invest in cryptocurrency, the mechanics behind crypto mining, and strategies to effectively buy and trade cryptocurrencies. While it contextualises the common queries of \"why is crypto crashing?\" and \"why is crypto down?\", the research transcends beyond the frequent market fluctuations to unravel how cryptocurrencies fundamentally work and the step-by-step process on how to create a cryptocurrency. Contrasting existing literature, this comprehensive investigation encompasses both the economic and cybersecurity risks inherent in the blockchain and fintech spheres. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the research transitions from the fundamental principles of fintech investment strategies to the overarching implications of blockchain within the Metaverse. Alongside exploring machine learning potentials in financial sectors and risk assessment methodologies, the study critically assesses whether developed or developing nations are poised to reap greater benefits from these technologies. Moreover, it probes into both enduring and dubious crypto projects, drawing a distinct line between genuine blockchain applications and Ponzi-like schemes. The conclusion resolutely affirms the staying power of blockchain technologies, underlined by a profound exploration of their intrinsic value and a reflective commentary by the author on the potential risks confronting individual investors.
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