强化企业科技创新主体地位:历史演进、理论逻辑与实践进路

张璐; 崔鑫鑫; 郭小超; 赵爽; 黄荟婕

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.06.001

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科研管理 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 1-12. DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.06.001 CSTR: 32148.14.kygl.2026.06.001

强化企业科技创新主体地位:历史演进、理论逻辑与实践进路

张璐 ¹ ,
崔鑫鑫 ¹ ,
郭小超 ¹^,² ,
赵爽 ¹ ,
黄荟婕 ¹

作者信息 +

Strengthen the dominant position of enterprise science and technology innovation: Historical evolution, theoretical logic and practical approach

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

在高水平科技自立自强与高质量发展战略叠加的背景下,强化企业科技创新主体地位已成为推进中国式现代化的核心议题。本文基于“演化逻辑—理论逻辑—实践逻辑”三逻辑动态统合的视角,系统解析强化企业科技创新主体地位的逻辑机理与实现路径。研究表明:(1)强化企业科技创新主体地位是国家战略需求、外部环境压力倒逼与企业自身能力提升三者协同驱动的动态演进结果,其角色从技术的被动应用者,逐步升级为技术开发与创新的主导者,直至新时代被赋予引领全链条科技创新、承担基础研究重任的核心主体。(2)新时期强化企业科技创新主体地位,本质是应对国际技术封锁与产业链风险的战略抉择,核心在于推动企业从“重技轻科”向“科技并重”转型、承担基础研究“0→1”突破与前沿引领的双重使命,通过主导“科技重大决策—研发投入—科研组织—成果转化”四维环节,打通从科学发现到产业应用的全过程。(3)强化我国企业科技创新主体地位的路径在于构建“国企—民企二元驱动、基础研究生态赋能、四轮体系协同运行”的立体化推进格局,系统筑牢科技自立自强的微观基础。本文拓宽了强化企业技术开发主体地位的理论研究,为我国实现高水平科技自立自强提供理论参考及对策建议。

Abstract

Under the background of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and high-quality development strategy, strengthening the dominant position of enterprise scientific and technological innovation has become the core issue of promoting Chinese modernization. Based on the perspective of the dynamic integration of “evolutionary logic-theoretical logic-practical logic”, this paper systematically analyzed the logical mechanism and realization path of strengthening the dominant position of enterprise science and technology innovation. The research showed that: (1) Strengthening the dominant position of enterprise’s scientific and technological innovation is the dynamic evolution result of the synergy of national strategic needs, external environmental pressure and enterprise’s own ability improvement. Its role has gradually upgraded from a passive application of technology to a leader in technology development and innovation, until the new era is given the core subject to lead the whole chain of scientific and technological innovation and undertake the important task of basic research. (2)The core is to promote the transformation of enterprises from “heavy technology and light science” to “science and technology”, undertake the dual mission of basic research “0 → 1” breakthrough and frontier leading, and open up the whole process from scientific discovery to industrial application by leading the four-dimensional link of “major scientific and technological decision-making-R & D investment-scientific research organization-achievement transformation”. (3) The core path to strengthen the dominant position of China’s enterprises in scientific and technological innovation is to build a three-dimensional promotion pattern of “dual drive of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, ecological empowerment of basic research, and coordinated operation of four-wheel system”, and systematically build the micro foundation of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement. This paper broadened the theoretical research on strengthening the dominant position of enterprise technology development, and will provide theoretical reference and countermeasures for China to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

导出引用

张璐, 崔鑫鑫, 郭小超, 等. 强化企业科技创新主体地位:历史演进、理论逻辑与实践进路[J]. 科研管理. 2026, 47(6): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.06.001

Zhang Lu, Cui Xinxin, Guo Xiaochao, et al. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprise science and technology innovation: Historical evolution, theoretical logic and practical approach[J]. Science Research Management. 2026, 47(6): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.06.001

中图分类号： F273.1

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摘要

赶超型创新政策是任务导向型创新政策的一种类型，为提升企业技术能力提供了新型政策方案，但现有研究对赶超型创新政策如何影响企业技术能力仍未给出充分的理论解释。本文基于产业创新系统理论，结合我国政策实践，构建赶超型创新政策传导路径的分析框架，并进行了实证检验。研究发现：（1）赶超型创新政策通过编织与焦点企业相关的产业链、创新链与服务链等链条，并通过促进多链融合完成“结网”，发挥“织链结网”的作用，推动了企业技术能力的提升；（2）服务链关联机构创新参与是赶超型创新政策影响力传导的核心节点，是连接政府与市场的中间桥梁；（3）创新链关联机构创新参与和产业链关联企业创新参与是赶超型创新政策传导的有效路径，二者协同耦合能够显著提升企业研发投入行为；（4）创新期望与研发投入是企业技术能力提升的决定性因素，也是赶超型创新政策的影响力发挥作用的微观基础。本研究深化了创新政策传导路径研究，对于提升我国企业技术能力具有一定实践意义。

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摘要

新时代推进科技自立自强对于建设创新型国家和世界科技强国意义重大。探索科技自立自强的实践路径，需要从创新体系、基础研究、人才培养、主体作用、自立开放协同等多个方面入手。首先，推进科技自立自强，就要强化国家战略科技力量，建立起高效能的国家创新体系。这是大科学时代“会聚式”创新的必然要求。其次，加大基础研究投入比例，形成多元化的投入结构，并且营造鼓励基础研究的社会氛围，持续推动“从0到1”的原始性突破。再次，聚天下英才而育之，解人才之缚而用之，激发各类人才创新活力，建设全球人才高地。除此之外，突出问题意识，强化企业创新主体地位，让企业成为“出题者”，尤其是要以科技领军企业为核心形成大中小企业高效协同的创新生态。最后，既要充分发挥我国超大规模市场优势，并挖掘国内创新潜力，把关键核心技术只有掌握在自己手中，实现“科技自立”；又要善用国际科技资源和创新要素，融入全球科技创新网络，推动“开放创新”。在“国内”和“国际”循环的良性互动中，推动“自立”和“开放”协同，在竞争与合作中构建“以外提内，以内促外，内外协同”的科技创新双循环新格局。

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Xiaomiao

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本文引用 [1] 摘要

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摘要

在全球竞争格局不断发生变化的形势下，创新的作用日益凸显，促使创新发生的驱动力也在不断发生改变。除传统的市场力量和政府力量可以驱动创新外，社会力量及创新生态系统力量的兴起也不断推动了创新进程。其中创新生态系统力量由于不同的创新理念、作用方式和目标等为中国的创新发展带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。因此，梳理了不同类型的创新驱动力，并结合其不同特征进行了对比。同时，基于创新生态系统作为第四种创新驱动力的特征，讨论了其当前在我国面临的机遇和挑战，并给出了相关的建议。

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Xielin

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Peipei

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Qian

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本文引用 [1] 摘要

Innovation has been assumed to have played a vital role in the ever-changing global competitive environment, and the driving forces of innovation have also been changing. In addition to the traditional ones-the market and the government-, entering the digital era, the rise of society force and innovation ecosystem have also emerged as the important forces. Among those four forces, the innovation ecosystem has provided China with unprecedented opportunities and challenges due to its different characteristics, such as the ideas creation, action modes and strategic goals. Therefore, we analysed those four different types of driving forces towards innovation and made a comparison of their natures. Finally, this paper also discussed the opportunities and challenges from the rising of innovation ecosystem as kind of special force and provided some policy suggestions.