裂变作为从在位企业衍生出新创企业的组织变革过程，是一项具有长期性和整体性的发展战略。在当今动态复杂环境中，在位企业能否通过裂变式发展实现利用式和探索式并举的创新双元性，是确保其生存和持续发展的关键。本文基于机会—动机—能力理论框架，采用定性比较分析方法剖析在位企业裂变过程中实现创新双元性与否的多条路径。研究发现，在位企业外部的政策机会和市场机会、多元化战略动机和组织重构动机以及资源获取能力和网络能力六个前因条件之间具有复杂交互作用，其联动效应会对创新双元性产生影响。就单个条件而言，在位企业自身能力的强弱作为实现创新双元性的关键条件，与其他条件联合作用下形成了实现创新双元性的三条“殊途同归”路径：面临充裕市场机会时积极布局并充分运用自身能力的多元均衡型，在外部机会匮乏时依靠自身强大能力禀赋的能力驱动型，以及在政策和市场机会均充裕时聚焦主业并凭借自身能力抓住机遇的风口抢占型。而当在位企业自身能力较弱时，即便有强烈的多元化战略动机与组织重构动机，或者即便处于机会充裕的情境中，也都会因掣肘于能力短板而难以实现创新双元性。研究通过明晰在位企业实现创新双元性与否的前因条件及其组合效应，为推进企业裂变式发展提供有益借鉴和路径指导。

Spin-off，as an organizational change process in which parent company derive startups，is a long-term and holistic development strategy for incumbents. In today's dynamic and complex environment，whether incumbents can achieve innovation ambidexterity through spin-off is the key to ensuring their survival and sustainable development. Based on the "opportunity-motivation-ability" theoretical framework，this paper applied the QCA method to unveil the paths for incumbents to achieve innovation ambidexterity in the spin-off process. It was found that the six factors influencing the achievement of innovation ambidexterity of incumbents are the conjoint effects among six antecedents including policy and market opportunities，motivations of diversification strategy and organizational change，and abilities of resource acquisition and networking. Among these conditions，the strength of incumbents' abilities is the core condition for achieving innovation ambidexterity. When this condition is combined with other related conditions，there emerges the three paths for incumbents to achieve the one goal： innovation ambidexterity. One is the path with multiple equilibrium，in which incumbents actively lay out and fully utilize their abilities in the face of abundant external market opportunities. The second is the ability-driven path，in which incumbents rely on their strong ability endowments when the external opportunities are scarce. And the third is the opportunity-seizing path，in which incumbents seize opportunities by focusing on their main business and utilizing their own abilities when both policy and market opportunities are abundant. However，when the incumbents have weak abilities，even if they have strong motivations for diversification strategy and organizational change，or even if they are in a situation with abundant opportunities，they fail to achieve innovation ambidexterity mainly because of limited abilities. By clarifying the antecedents and their combined effects that affect incumbents to achieve innovation ambidexterity，this paper will provide useful reference and path guidance for undertaking corporate spin-off development.