科技创新人才是国家科技进步和社会发展的基石，科技创新人才能力评估已成为人才队伍建设的重要抓手和必要前提，现有评估体系缺乏国际视野，难以为我国科技人才队伍发展提供有益参考。为了全面评估国际科技创新人才发展水平，研判中国科技人才队伍优势与短板，本文基于人才规模、结构和效能等维度构建了科技创新人才发展指数，并采用基尼系数和核密度测度全球科技人才发展差异及分布动态。结果显示全球科技人才发展非均衡问题突出，且存在明显的区域重叠效应。中国在科技人才规模、结构和效能等维度上均取得长足进步，但中国“高精尖”人才匮乏，科技人才质量和人才培养体系亟待提升。中国应从科技人才发展的战略导向、人才集聚、自主培养与体制机制改革等方面入手，针对性地出台政策以提升科技创新人才能力。

Scientific and technological talents are the cornerstone of national scientific and technological progress and social development, and the ability evaluation of scientific and technological talents has become an important starting point and a necessary prerequisite for the construction of talent team. The existing evaluation system lacks an international perspective, and it is difficult to provide beneficial reference for the development of scientific and technological talents team in China. In order to comprehensively evaluate the development level of international scientific and technological talents and judge the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese scientific and technological talents, this paper constructed the scientific and technological talent development index based on the dimensions of talent size, structure and efficiency, and used Gini coefficient and kernel density to measure the difference and distribution dynamics of global scientific and technological talent development. The results show that the team of scientific and technological innovation talents in China has been growing in recent years, and China has made great progress in the scale, structure and efficiency of scientific and technological talents. China's total scientific and technological human resources far exceed those of other countries, and the structure of China's scientific and technological personnel has been continuously optimized. The number of PCT patent applications has risen to the top of the world. However, China's strategic talent force is relatively weak, "sophisticated" talent shortage, scientific and technological talent quality and talent training system needs to be improved. In addition, not only the independent training of scientific and technological talents in China but also the training of doctoral students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics are still insufficient. The function of higher education to gather scientific and technological talents needs to be improved. From the perspective of regional differences, the differences between low- and high-income regions tend to expand, and super variable density is the core source of the overall differences in scientific and technological talent development, with obvious regional overlapping effect. Furthermore, the degree of international and regional imbalance is increasing, and the global gap in the development level of global scientific and technological talents is gradually expanding. Based on this, China should start from the strategic orientation of scientific and technological talents development, talents gathering, independent training and system and mechanism reform, and issue targeted policies to enhance the ability of scientific and technological talents. The main policy recommendations of this paper are as follows: (1) With the focus on building a team of strategic scientists, leading scientists in science and technology and an innovation team, China should train world-class scientists in science and technology innovation, and jointly build platforms for the development of talents in basic research to further stimulate the vitality of talents in basic research. (2) Improve the level of openness of scientific and technological talents, accelerate the gathering of high-level talents for the whole global and industrial chain, and establish a diversified working system for international scientific and technological innovation talents. (3) Strengthen the independent training ability of scientific and technological personnel, and take multiple measures to improve the quality of scientific and technological personnel. (4) China should deepen the reform of the system and mechanism for the development of scientific and technological personnel, and achieve the "last mile" of improving the quality of scientific and technological personnel training, promoting a virtuous circle of talents, and implementing talent policies.

基于舒适物理论，从自然生态环境、经济发展水平、社会生活环境、公共服务水平、科教创新环境等方面构建了5个一级指标和49个二级指标组成的城市对科技创新人才的综合吸引力评价指标体系，运用熵值法和聚类分析法，对中国33个主要城市的综合吸引力进行了评价和对比分析。研究结果显示，北上广深等城市综合吸引力明显高于中西部城市，但各城市在不同维度的得分存在较大差异，具有不同的优势组合。各城市应结合自身特点与区位条件，有针对性的出台相应政策以吸引科技创新人才。

随着创新作用的日趋凸显，构建一个富有活力的创新生态系统逐渐上升至战略议题，作为信息与知识的重要载体，科技人才对于创新生态的发展起着至关重要的作用。基于中国省际面板数据，在创新生态情境下，探讨区域居民购房能力对科技人才集聚产生的影响。结果表明：（1）区域居民购房能力与科技人才集聚存在倒U型关系，仅新疆、内蒙古、贵州、山西、湖南等地长期位于拐点右侧。（2）相比房价，区域工资水平的是购房能力的正向驱动科技人才集聚的关键因素。（3）创新生态系统各子系统的耦合协调发展水平是划分购房能力提升所产生“吸纳”效果的门槛变量。当跨过创新生态耦合门槛值之后，提高居民收入水平有助于促进地区科技人才集聚程度的提升（4）随着区域创新生态水平的提高，购房能力对于高技术产业与工业企业科技人才集聚影响存在不同，前者呈现持续递增态势，而后者，在跨过第二个门槛值之后，促进作用存在一定回落。

With the increasingly prominent role of innovation, the construction of a vibrant innovation ecosystem has gradually risen to a strategic issue. As an important carrier of information and knowledge, scientific and technological talents play a vital role in the development of the innovation ecosystem. Based on China's inter-provincial panel data, in the context of innovative ecology, the impact of the ability of regional residents to buy houses on the accumulation of scientific and technological talents is discussed. The results show that: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the ability of regional residents to buy houses and the accumulation of scientific and technological talents, and only Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Shanxi, Hunan and other places have long been on the right side of the turning point. (2) Compared with housing prices, the regional wage level is a key factor that positively drives the accumulation of scientific and technological talents in the ability to buy houses. (3) The level of coupling and coordinated development of the various subsystems of the innovation ecosystem is the threshold variable that divides the "absorption" effect produced by the improvement of house purchase ability. After crossing the threshold of innovation ecological coupling, increasing the income level of residents will help promote the increase in the concentration of regional scientific and technological talents (4) With the improvement of the regional innovation ecological level, the ability to purchase houses will have an impact on the gathering of scientific and technological talents in high-tech industries and industrial enterprises There are differences. The former presents a continuous increase trend, while the latter, after crossing the second threshold, the promotion effect has a certain decline.

制造业智能化是建设制造强国和培育产业竞争新优势的重要推动力。如何优化营商环境促进制造业智能化发展是当前亟需解决的重要问题。本文基于组态视角，采用NCA与QCA相结合的研究方法，以我国30个省份作为研究样本，探究营商环境生态对制造业智能化的多样化驱动路径。研究发现：单个营商环境条件并非是产生高制造业智能化的必要条件，高制造业智能化受到政务环境、市场环境、创新环境、金融服务、公共服务、人力资源共六个条件的“多重并发”影响，形成了三条组态路径，具体归纳为金融与资源驱动型、市场助力下依托创新环境的资源驱动型、政府主导下的创新驱动型。通过进一步探究研究样本的空间情境差异可知，发达地区和欠发达地区实现制造业智能化的驱动路径具有明显的差异性。本文从组态视角系统地探究了营商环境生态驱动制造业智能化的组态路径，为提升制造业智能化发展提供了决策参考和实践指导。

Manufacturing intelligentization is an important driving force for building a powerful manufacturing country and cultivating new industrial competitive advantages. How to optimize the doing environment and promote the intelligent development of manufacturing industry is an important issue that needs to be solved at present. Based on the perspective of configuration, the study adopts the research method of combining NCA and QCA, and takes 30 provinces in China as research samples to explore the diversified driving path of ecosystem of doing business to manufacturing intelligentization. It shows that a single doing business condition is not a necessary condition to produce high manufacturing intelligentization. High manufacturing intelligentization is affected by the "multiple concurrent" of six conditions, namely, government environment, market environment, innovation environment, financial services, public services, and human resources, forming three configuration paths, which can be specifically summarized as the financial and resource-driven path, the market-helping path combining resource-driven,and innovation environment, the innovation-driven path under government-dominant. By further exploring the spatial situation difference of the research samples, it can be seen that the driving path of manufacturing intelligentization in developed and underdeveloped regions is significantly different. Based on the perspective of configuration，the study systematically explores the driving path of doing business to manufacturing intelligentization, providing decision reference and practical guidance for improving the development of manufacturing intelligentization.

基于2005-2016年中国31个省、直辖市、自治区的面板数据，从宏观视角对科技人才流动的影响因素进行实证分析。研究发现，经济发展水平和科研环境是影响省际科技人才流动的主要因素；不同区域的宏观环境因素对科技人才流动的影响存在显著差别；东中部地区科技人才流动受R&D经费投入强度的影响较大，西部地区受经济发展水平影响较大；产业结构调整进程较快的东部地区及第二产业发达的中部地区对科技人才的吸纳能力明显高于西部地区；财政科技投入对科技人才流动的影响偏弱。最后，提出了促进区域科技人才合理流动的相关建议。

从研究方法和分析技术两个层面分析已有QCA研究中存在的问题，并提供解决思路。在研究方法层面，从理论目标、研究问题和实现途径3个方面阐明了QCA方法与定量研究方法的差异化定位；在分析技术层面，详细阐述了QCA方法应用全过程（3个阶段）的操作性策略。最后，指出QCA方法在组织与管理研究中进一步优化应用的未来方向，即提高透明性、纳入时序性和尝试混合方法。

This paper attempts to provide solutions to existing problems in Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) research from two aspects of the research approach and analysis technique. At the level of research approach, the differences between the QCA method and quantitative research method are expounded from three aspects: theoretical objectives, research questions, and realization approaches. At the level of analysis technique, the operational strategy of the whole application process (three stages) of the QCA method is expounded in detail. Finally, three directions of further optimizing the application of the QCA methods in management and organization research are proposed, which are improving transparency, adding temporality, and trying mixed methods.