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平台依赖型企业网络权力对平台商业模式创新的影响研究
Research on the impact of network power of platform-dependent enterprises on platform business model innovation
数字经济时代,新创企业依附平台生态来编排内外资源并创造价值已经成为一种普遍现象。然而,关于如何更好地“借力”平台生态,突破平台依赖型企业资源弱势,实现平台商业模式创新,仍尚待深入探析。基于资源依赖理论,本文以依托平台生态创业的新创企业为调研对象,利用层级回归方法和Bootstrap方法来分析平台依赖型企业网络权力对平台商业模式创新的影响,并进一步探究了资源编排的中介效应,以及数字技术可供性的边界作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)知识权力和结构权力对平台商业模式创新均存在倒U型关系;(2)知识权力和结构权力对资源编排均存在倒U型关系;(3)资源编排在知识权力和结构权力与平台商业模式创新之间起到部分中介作用;(4)数字技术可供性分别正向调节知识权力和结构权力与平台商业模式创新之间的关系,且数字技术可供性分别正向调节知识权力和结构权力与资源编排之间的关系。本研究在一定程度上丰富了网络权力与商业模式创新的研究,并对平台依赖型企业的商业模式创新实践具有一定的指导意义。
In the digital economy, it is increasingly common for startups to rely on platform ecosystems to manage both internal and external resources, driving value creation. However, there is a gap in understanding how platform-dependent enterprises can better utilize these ecosystems to overcome resource limitations and innovate their platform business models. This paper, grounded in the resource dependence theory, focused on startups that depend on platform ecosystems. Using the hierarchical regression and bootstrap methods, it examined how these enterprises' network power influences business model innovation. The study also explored the mediating role of resource orchestration and the moderating effect of digital technology affordances. The findings revealed several key insights: (1) both knowledge power and structural power exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with platform business model innovation; (2) both knowledge power and structural power show an inverted U-shaped relationship with resource orchestration; (3) resource orchestration partially mediates the relationship between both types of network power (knowledge and structural) and platform business model innovation; and (4) digital technology affordances positively moderate the relationship between network power (both knowledge and structural) and platform business model innovation, as well as the relationship between network power and resource orchestration. This study has contributed to the literature on network power and business model innovation, and it will offer both theoretical and practical insights for platform-dependent enterprises seeking to innovate their business models.
平台依赖型企业 / 网络权力 / 资源编排 / 数字技术可供性 / 商业模式创新
platform-dependent enterprise / network power / resource orchestration / digital technology affordance / business model innovation
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Network effects are often used to justify platform strategies such as acquisitions and subsidies that aggregate users to a single dominant platform. However, when users have heterogeneous preferences, a single platform may not be as effective as multiple platforms from both a strategic perspective and an antitrust perspective. We study the role of network effects and platform differentiation in the context of a merger between the two largest platforms for pet-sitting services. To obtain causal estimates of network effects, we leverage geographic variation in premerger market shares and employ a difference-in-differences approach. Our results reveal that although users of the acquiring platform benefit from the merger thanks to network effects, those of the acquired platform are comparatively worse off because their preferred option is removed. Network effects and differentiation offset each other such that at the market level, users are not substantially better off with a combined platform than with two separate platforms. These findings have strategic and regulatory implications as well as highlight the importance of platform differentiation even in the presence of network effects.
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在大力提倡自主创新以推进国家科技自立自强紧迫时期，大企业及其平台网络抑制中小企业自主创新现象应引起高度关注。为解析大企业平台网络中的行动空间是否影响成员特别是后发中小企业的创新追赶问题，本研究聚焦探讨网络成员的自主权大小对其商业模式创新影响，构建一个有调节的中介模型，并采集356份企业问卷数据加以验证。研究结果表明：在大企业平台网络中，（1）成员的自主权对其商业模式创新有促进作用；（2）成员的知识治理结构二元性在其自主权与商业模式创新关系中起中介作用；（3）环境不确定性负向调节成员自主权与其商业模式创新关系；（4）环境不确定性对成员自主权与其知识治理结构二元性关系有负向影响，并最终抑制自身商业模式创新。本研究能够揭示网络自主权作为具有显著预测力的网络情境因素，为大型企业与中小企业间关系网络治理空间优化研究和合作创新管理研究提供新视角。
In the urgent period of vigorously advocating independent innovation to promote the whole country’s self-reliance and self-improvement in national science and technology, the emerging phenomenon of large enterprises and their platform networks inhibiting independent innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises should be brought to more attention from researchers and government officals in China. In order to analyze whether the action space and freedom of platform network dominated by large-sized enterprises affect the innovation behaviors of its members, especially small and medium-sized enterprises that could be seen as latecomers or newcomers, this study focuses on the impact of autonomy of members in this sort of network on their own business model innovation. With collecting questionnaire survey data including 356 enterprises in China, empirical analyses have been conducted to test the proposed hypotheses and theoretical model in this research. The results show that: In a platform network dominated by large-sized enterprises, ①members’ autonomy is significantly and positively related to their business model innovation; ② the ambidexterity of members’ knowledge governance structure mediates the positive relationship between their autonomy and business model innovation; ③environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the direct relationship between member’s autonomy and business model innovation; ④specifically, environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the indirect effects of members’ autonomy on their business model innovation via the ambidexterity of knowledge governance structure. This study can reveal network autonomy as one of significant situational?factors that affect network innovation. Meanwhile, it can provide a new perspective for the relative researches and practices about governance space optimization of innovation collaboration networks that consist of relationships between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises.
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The concept of a ‘business model’ refers to a collection of descriptions that highlight the most significant aspects of the business. The metaverse is already a reality that can be considered plausible; it is a digital world that can be accessed by various technologies, such as virtual or augmented reality, and it is a place in which people are able to communicate and collaborate with one another. Businesses are making an attempt to capitalize on a trend, since it is anticipated that the metaverse will become more decentralized in the near future because it provides outstanding possibilities for expanding business. In this article, we discuss a few aspects of the current business model, as well as the emergence of the metaverse and their influence in the existing business models, with emphasis on the fashion and retail industry. Users of the metaverse have the ability to personalize digital representations of themselves, known as avatars. These avatars may be utilized in virtual worlds, online games, and other types of online communities. The way advertising works in the metaverse is quite similar to how it operates in the real world. Because of this, there is a promising future in store for the future of marketing and advertising in the metaverse. The new virtual environment will inspire us to devise novel formulae and procedures, which will influence the user in previously unimaginable ways. In addition to that, the possibility of the metaverse becoming connected with generation Z (also known as gen Z) would be additional advantages that will help the company’s bottom line in the decades to come.
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Most treatments of indirect effects and mediation in the statistical methods literature and the corresponding methods used by behavioral scientists have assumed linear relationships between variables in the causal system. Here we describe and extend a method first introduced by Stolzenberg (1980) for estimating indirect effects in models of mediators and outcomes that are nonlinear functions but linear in their parameters. We introduce the concept of the instantaneous indirect effect of X on Y through M and illustrate its computation and describe a bootstrapping procedure for inference. Mplus code as well as SPSS and SAS macros are provided to facilitate the adoption of this approach and ease the computational burden on the researcher.
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