能源要素在新质生产力形成中发挥着关键支撑作用，而企业是新质生产力的重要实践主体。对此，本文借助来自2007—2016年全国企业税收调查的匹配详细专利信息的910 784条制造业企业面板数据，基于两阶段数据包络分析模型对企业新质生产力水平进行测算，进而以特高压输电工程建设为准自然实验，使用双重差分模型探讨了能源要素供给如何促进企业新质生产力形成。实证结果指出，能源要素供给能显著促进企业新质生产力形成。机制检验表明，能源要素供给主要通过推动数字经济发展、产业集聚、产业链现代化以及降低企业生产经营成本促进企业新质生产力形成。根据异质性分析，能源要素供给对资产规模较小、传统行业以及处于经济发展水平更高和能源需求端地区的企业影响更大。本文还发现，“石油”和“电力”形式的能源要素供给均对企业新质生产力形成有积极作用。本文丰富了有关企业新质生产力测算及驱动因素的实证研究，并从企业微观视角揭示了能源在促进新质生产力形成中的核心要素功能，为通过建设高效、稳定、均衡的能源供应体系发展新质生产力提供重要参考。

   The energy factor plays a significant supportive role in the formation of new quality productive forces (NQPFs), and enterprises constitute pivotal practice carries of NQPFs. To this end, this study employed the panel data of 910,784 manufacturing enterprises from the 2007-2016 National Enterprise Tax Survey matching the detailed patent information, and utilized a data envelopment analysis model to compute the levels of NQPFs in these enterprises. Subsequently, leveraging the construction of ultra-high voltage power transmission projects as a quasi-natural experiment, it employed a difference-in-differences model to investigate how the energy element supply promotes the formation of enterprise NQPFs. The empirical findings indicated a significant positive relationship between the energy element supply and the formation of NQPFs in enterprises. The mechanism tests revealed that the energy element supply primarily facilitates the formation of NQPFs by fostering digital economic development, industrial agglomeration, modernization of industrial chains, and reduction of enterprise production and operational costs. The heterogeneity analysis suggested that the impact of energy element supply is more pronounced in those enterprises with smaller asset scales, in traditional industries, and in regions characterized by higher levels of economic development and greater energy demand. This paper also found that the supply of energy elements in the form of "oil" and "electricity" both has a positive impact on the formation of NQPFs. This study has enriched the empirical research on the calculation and driving factors of enterprise NQPFs, while revealing the pivotal role of energy in fostering NQPFs formation from a micro-level firm perspective. It will provide vital insights for the development of NQPFs through the establishment of an efficient, stable, and balanced energy supply system.