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企业标准创新网络突破技术锁定的路径研究
Research on the path of enterprise standard innovation networks to make breakthroughs in technology lock-in
工业互联网产业的创新发展面临诸多标准创新融通和关键技术锁定的挑战。本文选择海尔工业互联网为研究对象,运用纵向单案例研究方法,从标准创新视角探索工业互联网企业的技术锁定突破路径。研究发现:工业互联网企业技术锁定突破是不断进行标准创新以应对组织内外部环境变化的过程,首先基于资源依赖关系和网络嵌入层级的动态交互实现了标准创新网络的构建,继而遵循“标准创新网络构建-标准化能力提升-技术锁定突破”的路径逻辑。具体来看,经历了三个阶段,相应构建了学习型标准创新网络、探索型标准创新网络和主导型标准创新网络,先后形成了标准跟踪能力、标准参与能力与标准主导能力,分别促进了低端技术模仿、关键技术逆向工程与核心技术自主研发的技术锁定突破。转型阶段的演进机制分别是标准参与制定机制和标准引领主导机制。研究结论为工业互联网企业突破技术锁定困境提供了新的实践路径与启示。
The innovative development of the industrial Internet industry faces many challenges in integrating standard innovation and lock-in in key technologies. This paper selected Haier Industrial Internet as the research object and used a vertical single case study method to explore the breakthrough path of technology lock-in in industrial Internet enterprises from the perspective of standard innovation. The research found that the breakthroughs of technology lock-in in industrial internet enterprises is a process of continuously innovating standards to cope with changes in the internal and external environment of the organization. Firstly, based on the dynamic interaction of resource dependence and network embedding levels, the construction of a standard innovation network is achieved, followed by the path logic of "construction of a standard innovation network - improvement of standardization capabilities-breakthroughs in technology lock-in". Specifically, Haier has gone through three stages, in which a learning oriented standard innovation network, an exploratory oriented standard innovation network, and a leading oriented standard innovation network were constructed, which successively formed standard tracking ability, standard participation ability, and standard leadership ability, by means of which breakthroughs were made in low-end technology imitation, key technology reverse engineering, and independent research and development of core technologies. The evolution mechanisms at the transformation stage are the standard participation mechanism and the standard leading mechanism. The research conclusion will provide a new practical path and inspiration for industrial Internet enterprises to make breakthroughs to overcome the dilemma of technology lock-in.
中国式现代化 / 突破技术锁定 / 标准创新网络 / 工业互联网
Chinese modernization / breakthrough in technological lock-in / standard innovation network / industrial Internet
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Due to the strong tendency of historical determinism, the classical path dependence theory can not explain the significant technical and institutional change and the generation of a new path. These issues promote the researchers to switch the research perspective and pay more attention to the path creation and path breaking. Strategic action has a attribute of path dependence, and according to the contention that strategy determines structure and structure follows strategy, the article illustrates that path dependence is embedded in organizational structure system. From the perspective of the organizational structure model evolution, the mechanism of path dependence formation and path creation is discussed. At the same time, the dual impact of path dependence and path creation in organizational structure change on organizational operation is also discussed. Finally, the article takes Lenovo Group of China modern IT industry as an example to illustrates path dependence and path creation in the evolution process of Lenovo Group’s organizational structure model.
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本研究结合技术轨道特性界定了技术锁定的内涵与特征，提出一种识别技术锁定的新方法。以光刻技术为例，通过构建专利引文网络识别技术主路径，描绘其技术轨道的动态演化，追溯了不同技术来源在不同阶段的技术贡献，并从技术和地域不同层面分析了技术多样性。研究结果表明：从1980-2010年，光刻技术长期处在锁定状态，然而从2010年之后，技术呈现出多样化的发展方向。光刻技术早期被美国、德国和日本控制，近些年随着技术多样性指数上升，后发国家逐渐兴起，韩国和台湾对近期的光刻技术贡献较大，主要集中在光刻胶技术上。中国的光刻技术与发达国家有较大的差距，尚未出现在技术发展主路径中，技术类别涉及范围有限，技术贡献较小。本研究对于探索技术锁定形成，识别技术机会，破解我国“技术锁定”困局具有重大启示。
This study aims to define the connotation and characteristics of technological lock-in through the characteristics of technological trajectories and suggests a comprehensive method to identify the main path and technology lock-in. Taking the photolithography industry as a case study, we identify the main path through the patent citation network. Depict the dynamic evolution of technological trajectories, trace the technological contributions of different core technologies at different stages, and describe photolithography's technological diversity from a geographical and technological perspective. The results show that from 1980-2010, photolithography was in a lock-in state; however, since 2010, we have observed more diverse technological paths. We found that the photolithography industry was dominated by the US, Germany, and Japan core technologies in the early stages. The technology diversity index has gradually increased in recent years, with Korea and Taiwan contributing more to the current lithography technology, mainly focusing on photoresist technology. China's photolithography technology has a large gap compared to developed countries and has not yet appeared in the technological main path trajectories, and only involves a few technology categories. Thus, this study offers significant contributions and implications for exploring technology lock-in, identifying technological opportunities, and suggesting lock-out, China's "technology lock-in " dilemma.
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