科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 94-104.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2024.03.010

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

科研项目价值导向对公众参与意愿的影响

王伟1,刘海王1,王洪伟2,郭丽环3   

  1. 1.华侨大学工商管理学院, 福建 泉州362021;
    2.同济大学经济与管理学院, 上海200092;
    3.泉州师范学院陈守仁商学院, 福建 泉州362000

  • 收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期:2023-09-11 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 王伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目：“交互式短文本对在线创业项目投资意愿和融资绩效的影响：语言特征视角”（72072062，2021.01.01—2024.12.31）；福建省自然科学基金面上项目：“基于社会角色理论的公众科学项目参与意愿研究：文本挖掘方法”（2020J01782，2021.11.01—2023.11.01）；2022年华侨大学研究生教育教学改革研究资助项目：“研究生数据分析能力课程建设：R语言分析”（22YJG005，2023.02.01—2025.01.31）。

Impact of the value orientation of scientific research projects on the willingness of public participation

Wang Wei1, Liu Haiwang1, Wang Hongwei2, Guo Lihuan3   

  1. 1. College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China;
    2. School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
    3. Tan Siu Lin Business School, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
  • Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2023-09-11 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-11

摘要：     合理的科研项目价值导向有助于促进公众参与、加强科研产出、提升公民素养和改善科研投资绩效。基于扎根理论，将公众科学项目的研究价值文本描述划分为问题导向型、认知导向型与目标导向型。采用文本挖掘方法，依据扩展后的关键词列表对公众科学项目的研究价值描述文本进行价值导向分类。采用来自Experiment平台上1456个公众科学项目作为研究语料，分别构建以融资金额和参与人数为因变量的两个计量模型，探究价值导向对公众参与意愿的影响，并比较了发起人身份、学科类别和融资目标对价值导向的影响。研究结果表明，约46%的公众科学项目采用目标导向；而约30%的项目采用认知导向；其余项目则采用问题导向。采用认知导向的项目的公众参与意愿显著高于另外两类价值导向，表明公众科学应致力于普及公众科学知识。同时，本文发现大学教授倾向于问题导向；研究生更多使用目标导向；业余研究者习惯使用认知导向。在这三类社会角色中，价值导向的影响具有一致性：认知导向影响最大，且显著优于另外两类价值导向。对自然科学类项目和人文社会科学类项目的差异分析发现，认知导向的优势主要来自自然科学类项目。对融资目标的稳健性检测发现，融资目标对三类价值导向均具有正面调节效用，但是认知导向受到融资目标的影响最小；而问题导向受融资目标的影响最大。通过探索科研项目价值导向对公众参与意愿的影响，本文丰富了对科研项目价值导向的理论理解，弥补了价值导向在说服理论研究中的不足，为公众科学项目发起人撰写有吸引力的项目描述、管理者改善平台绩效以及科普机构提升公民素质提供了实践启示。

关键词: 公众科学, 价值导向, 文本描述, 文本挖掘, 参与意愿

Abstract:     The reasonable value orientation of scientific research projects is valuable for promoting public participation, strengthening scientific output, enhancing civic literacy, and improving research investment performance. The text descriptions of research value of citizen science projects were classified into problem-oriented, cognition-oriented and goal-oriented ones based on the grounded theory. A text mining method was used to classify value orientation of the research value description texts of citizen science projects based on the expanded keyword list. Using 1,456 citizen science projects from the Experiment platform as the research corpus, two econometric models with financing amount and number of participants as dependent variables were constructed to explore the impact of value orientation on public willingness to participate, and to compare the effects of initiator′s identities, disciplinary categories and financing goals on value orientation. The findings showed that about 46% of public science projects are goal-oriented while about 30% are cognition-oriented and the rest are problem-oriented. The willingness of the public to participate in projects using the cognition-oriented is significantly higher than the other two types of value orientation, indicating that citizen science should be committed to popularizing public scientific knowledge. Meanwhile, this paper found that university professors tend to favor the problem-oriented; graduate students use the goal-oriented more; and amateur researchers are accustomed to using the cognition-oriented. Among these three types of social roles, there is consistency in the impact of value orientation: the cognition-oriented has the greatest impact and is significantly better than the other two types of value orientation. An analysis of the differences between projects in the natural science and projects in the humanities and social science found that the advantage of the cognition-oriented comes mainly from projects in the natural science. Robustness test of the financing goals found that the financing goal has a positive moderating effect on all three types of value orientation, but the cognition-oriented is least affected by the financing goals while the problem-oriented is most affected by the financing goals. The paper will enrich the understanding of the value orientation of scientific research projects by exploring the impact of value orientation on the willingness of participation, bridge the gap of value orientation in persuasive theoretical researches, and provide practical inspiration for initiators of citizen science projects to write attractive project descriptions, managers to improve the performance of their platforms, and science popularization institutions to enhance civic literacy. 

Key words: citizen science, value orientation, text description, text mining, participation willingness