科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 34-43.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.04.004

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工智能应用驱动企业新质生产力涌现——来自中国上市公司的微观证据

陈凯鸣1，黄庆华2,3，时培豪4   

  1. 1.温州商学院金融贸易学院，浙江 温州325035；
    2.西南大学经济管理学院，重庆400715；
    3.西南大学重庆市设计驱动型企业研究中心，重庆400715；
    4.武汉大学经济与管理学院，湖北 武汉430072

  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 黄庆华
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省社科规划“党的二十届三中全会和省委十五届五次全会精神研究阐释”专项课题：“浙江数智科技创新与先进制造业集群深度融合机制及优化路径研究”（2024.12—2025.12）；2024年度重庆市社会科学规划追加重大项目：“以新质生产力助推产业转型升级策略研究”（2024ZDZJ34，2024.12—2025.06）；2024年度重庆市社会科学规划追加重大项目：“推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展对策研究”（2024ZDZJ60，2024.12—2025.06）。

The emergence of enterprises′ new quality productive forces driven by artificial intelligence applications: The micro-evidence from Chinese-listed companies

Chen Kaiming1, Huang Qinghua2,3, Shi Peihao4   

  1. 1. School of Finance and Trade, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China;
    2. School of Economics and Management, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    3. Chongqing Research Center for Design-Driven Enterprises, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    4. School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2025-01-18 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11

摘要：     发展新质生产力，关键在于科技创新，重点在于产业升级，而当前由人工智能催生和引领的新一轮科技革命和产业变革，正为我国经济持续增长注入新动能。本文基于2009—2022年中国上市公司微观数据，构建了企业新质生产力指标体系，并运用双向固定效应模型从“创新”和“产业”两条路径实证检验人工智能应用对企业新质生产力的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：（1）人工智能应用从多维“新质生产要素”赋能并显著提升企业新质生产力；（2）作用机制显示，企业应用人工智能有利于开展实质性创新，无益于策略性创新，实质性创新正向中介并调节了人工智能应用对新质生产力的影响；（3）企业内部专业化分工和外部供应链效率在影响路径中发挥正向中介与调节作用，人工智能应用引致的产业链整合会激发新质生产力；（4）异质性分析表明，人工智能应用对企业新质生产力的影响在民营企业、制造业和竞争性行业企业中更明显。本文厘清了人工智能应用成效的创新动机差异，阐明了人工智能催生产业裂变和链式升级的作用机理，丰富了新质生产力影响因素与人工智能应用经济后果的相关研究，为企业抓住人工智能“牛鼻子”，驱动新质生产力涌现提供了重要政策启示。

关键词: 人工智能应用, 企业新质生产力, 实质性创新效应, 产业链整合效应

Abstract:    The development of new quality productive forces (NQPF) hinges on the scientific and technological innovation, with a focus on industrial upgrading. The current wave of scientific and technological revolutions, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), is providing new momentum for China′s sustained economic growth. Based on the micro-data from Chinese-listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this study constructed an NQPF index system and empirically tested the impact of AI applications on NQPF and its mechanisms via the "innovation" and "industry" pathways by using the two-way fixed effect model. The findings indicated that: (1) AI applications significantly enhance NQPF through multidimensional new quality factors of production; (2) the mechanism test showed that AI applications foster substantial innovation rather than strategic innovation, with substantial innovation positively mediating and moderating the impact of AI on NQPF; (3) the internal specialization and external supply chain efficiency also positively mediate and moderate this impact, while the AI-driven industrial chain integration stimulates NQPF; (4) the heterogeneity analysis revealed that AI′s impact on NQPF is more pronounced in the private, manufacturing, and competitive industry firms. This study has clarified the differences in innovation motivation of AI application effectiveness, elucidated the mechanism of AI-induced industrial fission and chain upgrading, and enriched the research on NQPF influencing factors and the economic consequences of AI applications, which will provide important policy insights for leveraging AI to drive NQPF development.

Key words: artificial intelligence application, enterprises′ new quality productive force, substantial innovation effect, industry chain integration effect