人工智能应用驱动企业新质生产力涌现——来自中国上市公司的微观证据

陈凯鸣; 黄庆华; 时培豪

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.04.004

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科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 34-43. DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.04.004 CSTR: 32148.14.kygl.2025.04.004

人工智能应用驱动企业新质生产力涌现——来自中国上市公司的微观证据

陈凯鸣 ¹ ,
黄庆华 ²^,³ ,
时培豪 ⁴

作者信息 +

The emergence of enterprises' new quality productive forces driven by artificial intelligence applications: The micro-evidence from Chinese-listed companies

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

发展新质生产力,关键在于科技创新,重点在于产业升级,而当前由人工智能催生和引领的新一轮科技革命和产业变革,正为我国经济持续增长注入新动能。本文基于2009—2022年中国上市公司微观数据,构建了企业新质生产力指标体系,并运用双向固定效应模型从“创新”和“产业”两条路径实证检验人工智能应用对企业新质生产力的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)人工智能应用从多维“新质生产要素”赋能并显著提升企业新质生产力;(2)作用机制显示,企业应用人工智能有利于开展实质性创新,无益于策略性创新,实质性创新正向中介并调节了人工智能应用对新质生产力的影响;(3)企业内部专业化分工和外部供应链效率在影响路径中发挥正向中介与调节作用,人工智能应用引致的产业链整合会激发新质生产力;(4)异质性分析表明,人工智能应用对企业新质生产力的影响在民营企业、制造业和竞争性行业企业中更明显。本文厘清了人工智能应用成效的创新动机差异,阐明了人工智能催生产业裂变和链式升级的作用机理,丰富了新质生产力影响因素与人工智能应用经济后果的相关研究,为企业抓住人工智能“牛鼻子”,驱动新质生产力涌现提供了重要政策启示。

Abstract

The development of new quality productive forces (NQPF) hinges on the scientific and technological innovation, with a focus on industrial upgrading. The current wave of scientific and technological revolutions, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), is providing new momentum for China's sustained economic growth. Based on the micro-data from Chinese-listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this study constructed an NQPF index system and empirically tested the impact of AI applications on NQPF and its mechanisms via the "innovation" and "industry" pathways by using the two-way fixed effect model. The findings indicated that: (1) AI applications significantly enhance NQPF through multidimensional new quality factors of production; (2) the mechanism test showed that AI applications foster substantial innovation rather than strategic innovation, with substantial innovation positively mediating and moderating the impact of AI on NQPF; (3) the internal specialization and external supply chain efficiency also positively mediate and moderate this impact, while the AI-driven industrial chain integration stimulates NQPF; (4) the heterogeneity analysis revealed that AI's impact on NQPF is more pronounced in the private, manufacturing, and competitive industry firms. This study has clarified the differences in innovation motivation of AI application effectiveness, elucidated the mechanism of AI-induced industrial fission and chain upgrading, and enriched the research on NQPF influencing factors and the economic consequences of AI applications, which will provide important policy insights for leveraging AI to drive NQPF development.

导出引用

陈凯鸣, 黄庆华, 时培豪. 人工智能应用驱动企业新质生产力涌现——来自中国上市公司的微观证据[J]. 科研管理. 2025, 46(4): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.04.004

Chen Kaiming, Huang Qinghua, Shi Peihao. The emergence of enterprises' new quality productive forces driven by artificial intelligence applications: The micro-evidence from Chinese-listed companies[J]. Science Research Management. 2025, 46(4): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.04.004

中图分类号： F273.1

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