关键词: 港口危险品, 企业社会责任, 共享价值创造, 两阶段主从博弈

Abstract:    Due to the urgent needs of China′s rapid economic development, the amount of hazardous cargoes shipped by sea is increasing year by year, and safety accidents of port hazardous cargoes also show a tendency of frequent occurrence, which has caused great harm to the social environment. How to prevent accidents effectively and realize the sustainable development of port area is a hot issue to be solved urgently.
    In general, there are two types of problems in the management of port hazardous cargoes in China: (1) The motivation and behavior of port corporations to assume safety responsibility. (2) The relationship and positioning between port corporations and the government. This makes all parties of the port hazardous cargoes management only emphasize the formal compliance, ignoring the mutual coordination under the unified goal, which eventually leads to the accident under the lack of responsibility. Thus, it is difficult to effectively balance the interests of all the parties only from a single perspective of administrative supervision or enterprise management. The effective way to solve this problem is to systematically discuss the relationship and demand between decision-makers, and to construct a management system for port hazardous cargoes that achieves the dual goals of economic benefit and social responsibility.
     At present, the relevant studies on port hazardous cargoes are mainly carried out from the aspects of facility layout, risk assessment, shipping safety and port operation process, etc., but there are few discussions on the port corporation behavior and government supervision from the perspective of CSR, and the relevant empirical studies are particularly lacking. As a deepening of the connotation of CSR, CSV emphasizes that corporations achieve both social and economic goals by creating shared values. In view of this, firstly, from the perspective of CSR, a research and analysis framework based on the theory of CSV is constructed, aiming at responsibility, development and benefits. Secondly, based on the analysis of port supply chain, the function positioning of port operators, port logistics providers and government is determined. Thirdly, a two-stage leader-follower game is established, and variables such as the expected safety factor and the supervision cost base are set to model and solve the behavior of each subject.
     The results show that the expected safety factor set by the government can significantly affect the order volume of port operators. When the expected safety factor is set according to the CSV target, the order volume will jump to a high level, and port operators can actively undertake the collaborative development of CSR and the region. In addition, the government can effectively control the security state of port logistics providers by supervising the setting of cost base.
     From the perspective of CSR, this paper puts forward a research and analysis framework with development, responsibility and benefit as the systematic goals, which makes up for the shortcomings of previous related studies and broadens the application scope of CSV theory. The results of the empirical research also provide a decision for reference for ensuring the safety of the port area, promoting the parties to actively assume social responsibilities, and realizing the coordinated development of the port and society.

Key words: hazardous cargoes in ports, corporate social responsibility, shared value creation, two-stage leader-follower game