科技工作者创业意愿类型及其影响因素研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技工作者创业对落实创新驱动发展战略、推动大众创业、万众创新有着重要意义。要推动科技工作者创业，首先要鼓励更多的科技工作者拥有创业意愿。但当前对不同创业意愿类型及其影响因素的差异分析尚不充分。此研究将科技工作者的创业意愿区分为创新创业与普通创业意愿两类，并基于对九千名北京市科技工作者的问卷调查数据的统计分析，从个人层次、组织层次和社会层次分析了科技工作者创业意愿的影响因素。结果表明创新创业与普通创业是两种差别很大的创业意愿类型，那些拥有更为丰富的人力资本和更强的科研及转化能力的科技工作者，更有可能成为创新创业者，其创业意愿更多地受到事业发展和成功机会的驱动；而有普通创业意愿的科技工作者往往个人条件相对较差，更可能开展的是被动的“生存式”创业。主要结论和建议是应根据科技工作者的不同创业意愿，给予不同类型的政策支持，尤其要大力鼓励科技工作者开展创新创业。

关键词: 科技工作者, 创新创业意愿, 普通创业意愿, 影响因素

Abstract: To increase the entrepreneurial intention of scientific personnel is a key step to promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Based on the data of a large-scale social survey on 9503 randomly sampled Beijing scientific personnel, two types of entrepreneurship intentions were distinguished, namely the innovative one and the ordinary one. Further statistical analysis were conducted to analyze factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention, including factors at individual level, organizational level and social level. The results indicated that innovative and ordinary entrepreneurship intentions have different characteristics. Scientific personnel with better scientific human capital and higher capacity were more likely to participate in innovative entrepreneurship, whilst those with lower human capital and capacity would have higher intention of ordinary entrepreneurship. It is suggested that different types of policy support should be given to different types of entrepreneurs accordingly, with more focus on promoting and encouraging innovative entrepreneurship.

Key words: scientific personnel, innovative entrepreneurial intention, ordinary entrepreneurship intention, influencing factors

肖为群赵延东. 科技工作者创业意愿类型及其影响因素研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(6): 25-31.

Xiao Weiqun, Zhao Yandong. Entrepreneurial intention of scientific personnel: Its category and influencing factors[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(6): 25-31.

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