保持经济增长,减少能源消耗、缓解环境压力需要依靠科技创新。以中国大陆30个地区的大中型工业企业为例,通过建立面板模型,探讨了环境政策、技术进步,市场结构对环境技术创新的影响。结果表明,环境政策中,环境法制制度与环境影响评估制度对环境技术创新不存在显著影响,三同时制度存在正向影响,排污许可证制度、污染限期治理制度存在负向影响,且均存在累积效应。同时,人力资本存量对环境技术创新存在较之其他因素最大的正向影响,而研发投入却存在负向影响,说明劳动依然是我国大中型工业企业的主要贡献要素,发展模式仍属粗放型。此外,技术市场对环境技术创新存在正向影响及累积效应,说明对未来国内市场需求的预期会促进更多创新,而产品出口却不存在显著影响,说明出口贸易并未有效推动我国工业企业的环境创新。最后,结合对实证结果的分析与解释,给出了针对性的政策建议。
Abstract
Maintaining rapid economic growth, reducing energy consumption, and easing environmental pressure are all dependent on technological innovation. By taking the Chinese large and medium industrial enterprises in 30 areas in Mainland China as example, the effects of environmental policy, technological progress, and market structure on environmental technology innovation are discussed through the establishment of panel models. The results show that environmental law regulation and environmental impact assessment have an insignificant effect on environmental technology innovation; the system of three concurrencies exists a positive impact, Both permission institution for discharging sewage and pollution control within a limit time institution have a negative impact, and the cumulative effects are obvious all existed. In the meantime, compared with other factors, human capital stock owns a positive effect, while R&D investment intensity owns a negative effect. It indicates that labor remains the major contribution element to Chinese large and medium industrial enterprises and the development mode is still slipshod. In addition, technology market owns a positive impact and cumulative effect on environmental technological innovation, indicating that the demand expectation of future domestic market rather than exports will promote more innovation. Namely, export trade does not promote the environmental innovation of China effectively. Finally, combined the analysis with the interpretation of empirical result, some specific recommendations are given.
关键词
环境技术创新 /
环境政策 /
技术进步 /
市场结构
Key words
environmental technology innovation /
environmental policy /
technological progress /
market structure
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71172095、71202073、71073095);教育部人文社科基金项目(10YJC630161、12YJC630234);科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2011IM020100)。
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