在利用主要国家专利机构的专利数据对电动汽车技术发展水平和趋势进行分析的基础上,引入跨国专利(transnational patents)概念,以避免在利用专利数据进行国际技术比较中"本土优势"的影响,客观评价主要国家电动汽车相对技术水平。构建跨国专利比例指标,对主要国家电动汽车技术的国际化程度进行比较研究,并引入专利比较优势指数分析主要国家电动汽车技术的比较优势。统计结果表明,中国电动汽车技术发展迅速,但是与日本、美国等国家依然存在较大差距,主要表现在国际专利申请数量少、专利国际化程度低等方面;中国在电池及电池控制技术领域存在比较优势,而电机及电机控制技术存在明显的比较劣势,中国需要进一步加强电机技术的研发以推动电动汽车产业的整体平衡发展。
Abstract
On the basis of the study of levels and trends of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology development by using the patent data extracted from the patent organizations of major nations, a new indicator, namely, transnational patent, is novelly introduced to avoid the effect of domestic advantages in the international comparison of technology level by patent database analysis and to objectively evaluate international EV technology competititiveness of major EV countries. An indicator named as transnational patent proportion is constructed to measure the internationalization degree of EV technologies in different countries, and the comparative advantages of EV sub-category technologies in different countries are also analyzed by the indicator of revealed patent advantage. Statistical results show that China has experienced a rapid growth in EV technologies, whereas it still lags behind developed automotive countries, such as Japan and the US, it could be reflected by China’s relatively low quantitiy of international patent filings and low internationalization degree of patents. China displays comparative advantages in battery technologies and battery controlling systems, while it shows remarkable disadvantages in motor technologies and motor controlling systems, it calls for a more intensive research in the field of motor and motor controlling technologies to promote the overall and balanced development of China’s EV industry.
关键词
跨国专利 /
电动汽车技术 /
国际比较
Key words
transnational patent /
electric vehicle technology /
international comparison
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Brown S, Pyke D, Steenhof P. Electric vehicles: The role and importance of standards in an emerging market [J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38: 3797-3806.
[2] Steenhof P, McInnis B. A comparison of alternative technologies to de-carbonize Canada’s passenger transportation sector [J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2008, 75 (8): 1260-1278.
[3] Zhou H, Wei F, Sun L. Development Status of Electric Vehicles [J]. Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles. 2004, 2(1):531-534.
[4] Ahman M. Government policy and the development of electric vehicles in Japan [J]. Energy Policy, 2006, 34 (4): 433-443.
[5] Yang C J. Launching strategy for electric vehicles: Lessons from China and Taiwan [J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2010, 77(5): 831-834.
[6] Brown S, Pyke D, Steenhof P. Electric vehicles: The role and importance of standards in an emerging market [J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(7): 3797-3806.
[7] Nishino N, Lino T, Tsuji N, Kageyama K, Ueda K. Interdependent decision-making among stakeholders in electric vehicle development [J]. CIRP Annals: Manufacturing Technology, 2011, 60(1): 441-444.
[8] Delucchi M A, Lipman T E. An analysis of the retail and lifecycle cost of battery-powered electric vehicles [J]. Transportation Research Part, 2001, 6(6): 371-404.
[9] Yao M, Liu H, Feng X. The development of low-carbon vehicles in China [J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39(9): 5457-5464.
[10] 曹秉刚, 张传伟, 白志峰, 李竟成.电动汽车技术进展和发展趋势[J].西安交通大学学报, 2004, 38(1):1-5.
[11] 王瑛, 王贺武, 欧阳明高.电动汽车微型化发展路径分[J]. 电源技术, 2008, 32(4): 257-260.
[12] 于晓勇, 赵晨晓, 马晶, 彭茂祥, 杜云生. 基于专利分析的我国电动汽车技术发展趋势研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2011, 32(4): 44-51.
[13] 黄远辉.基于专利地图的混合动力电动汽车竞争情报研究[J]. 现代情报, 2010, 30(11): 53-58.
[14] 余江, 陈凯华. 中国战略性新兴产业的技术创新现状与挑战--基于专利文献计量的角度[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(5):682-695.
[15] 张嶷, 汪雪锋, 郭颖, 朱东华. 基于文献计量学的技术路线图构建模型研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(4): 495-486.
[16] Fritsch R, Schmoch U. Transnational patents and international markets [J]. Scientometrics, 2010, 82(1): 185-200.
[17] Schmoch, U. Patent analyses in the changed legal regime of the US Patent Law since 2001[J]. World Patent Information. 2009, 31(4): 299-303.
[18] 唐春. 专利制度国际化对专利国际竞争力的影响与评价研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(4):523-529.
[19] Wang X, Duan Y. Identifying Core Technology Structure of Electric Vehicle Industry through Patent Co-citation Information [J]. Energy Procedia, 2011, 5: 2581-2585.
[20] Pilkington A, Dyerson R, Tissier O. The electric vehicle: Patent data as indicators of technological development [J]. World Patent Information, 2002, 24(1): 5-12.
[21] 官建成, 王刚波. 技术领域优势的国际比较[J]. 科学学研究, 2008, 26(1): 90-97.
[22] Soete L. G, Wyatt, S. M. E. The use of foreign patenting as an internationally comparable science and technology output indicator [J]. Scientometrics, 1983, 5(1): 31-54.
[23] Schmoch U. Evaluation of technology strategies of companies by means of MDS maps [J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 1995, 10: 426-440.
基金
中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所重大研究任务(2012年A类项目);国家自然科学基金项目(71103173)。
PDF(1278 KB)
