在动态和开放式创新环境下,集群创新网络日益受到外部因素影响,研究视角需从网络内部转向外部,将网络内外部影响因素放到一个框架当中进行研究。文章将网络内部因素归纳为网络合作度以及外部因素归纳为网络开放度,引入环境不确定性变量对集群进行分类,采用回归分析等方法,研究不同类型集群,其网络合作度、开放度各自与集群增长绩效的关系,合作度与开放度的关系,以及这些关系是如何受到环境不确定性制约的。研究发现技术环境不确定性越高,网络开放度对集群绩效的影响越显著;市场竞争环境不确定性越高,网络合作度对集群绩效的影响越重要;市场与技术环境都稳定时,网络合作度对集群绩效影响较为显著;网络合作度与开放度相关性不显著。研究认为根据各种环境不确定性对网络合作度与开放度变量进行动态组织是保持集群增长的重要途径,并对网络动态组织提出建议。
Abstract
Under the circumstance of open innovation and dynamic innovation, the cluster innovation network is constantly influenced by external factors. It means that it is able to understand the network by exploring those factors not only inside the network, but also outside the network. Those internal factors is generalized as network cooperation degree and external factors is generalized as network openness, furthermore the relative effects of network operation and openness on the cluster performance are moderated by the environment uncertainty. Firstly, three regional clusters are explored respectively and the relative relationships between network cooperation degree, openness, and the cluster performance, the relationship between network cooperation degree and openness, and the effects of environment uncertainty on these relationships are presented. It is found the positive effect of network openness on the cluster performance tends to increase as the technology environmental uncertainty increases, while the positive effect of network cooperation degree on the cluster performance tends to increase as the market competition environmental uncertainty increases. While both market and technology environment keep relatively stable, the network cooperation degree makes a significant effect on the cluster performance. The correlation between network cooperation degree and network openness is insignificant. By comparing the three clusters, it suggests the role of network cooperation degree and network openness must be considered differently according to the environmental uncertainty. Finally, the management and policy implications of the research are analyzed.
关键词
产业集群 /
创新网络合作度 /
创新网络开放度 /
增长绩效
Key words
industry cluster /
innovation network cooperation degree /
innovation network openness /
increasing performance
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基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(12YJA630131, 起止时间:2012.1-2014.12);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71272142,起止时间:2013.1-2016.12);浙江自然科学基金资助项目(Y7100740, 2010.1-2012.12)。
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