了解和把握创新型企业技术创新的特征与倾向是创新政策制订的重要前提。运用客体法,对国家级创新型企业完成的突出技术创新项目进行全样本调查。从企业技术创新动机、创新类型、创新新颖度、创新经费支出、创新影响与效果等方面分析创新型企业技术创新的特征和倾向。调查结果表明,创新型企业作为一批产业创新领头企业已经呈现一些新的技术创新特征和倾向,如以市场需求驱动为主、创新类型以产品创新为主、以开发出新产品为第一目标、多数企业的创新新颖度达到国际市场新等,以及不同创新类型项目费用额度分布特点。同时还发现一些行业的企业对创新政策较不敏感,而其他一些却对创新政策较敏感等现象。基于此,提出了对创新政策制订与调整的几点启示。
Abstract
Understanding and holding the development tendencies and characteristics of technology innovation for Innovation-oriented Enterprises (IoEs) is an important precondition for adjusting and making innovation policies. A full sample questionnaire investigation on excellent technology innovation projects successfully finished by state-level IoEs is carried out based on object approach. Then the tendencies and characteristics of technology innovation for IoEs are analyzed in terms of innovation motivation, type, novelty, expenditure, impact, and effect of firms. Some important conclusions that technology innovation activity of IoEs is mainly driven by market demand; the main innovative type is new product; first important target of technology innovation for firms is to develop a new product; the innovative novelty of most IoEs is new on international market, as well as a distribution regularity of the expenditure quota for all kinds of innovative projects in IoEs are found. What’s more, it is also found that IoEs in some industries are not susceptible to the innovative policy, while others are more susceptible. Based on that, some suggestions for making and adjusting innovation policies are put forwards.
关键词
创新型企业 /
创新倾向 /
创新特征 /
项目调查 /
客体法
Key words
IoE /
innovation tendency /
innovative characteristic /
project survey /
object approach
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 徐大可,陈劲.创新政策设计的理念和框架[J].国家行政学院学报,2004(4):26-29.
[2] 路风,慕玲.本土创新、能力发展和竞争优势——中国激光视盘播放机工业的发展及其对政府作用的政策含义[J].管理世界,2003(12):57-82.
[3] OECD and Eurostat.Oslo Manual:Guideline for collecting and interpreting innovation data,third Edition[M].Paris,2005.
[4] The Advisory Committee on Measuring Innovation in the 21st Century Economy. Innovation Measurement: Tracking the state of innovation in the American economy [R]. Washington, DC: 2008.1.
[5] Freeman C. and Soete, L. The Economics of Industrial Innovation (Third Edition)[M]. London, 1997.
[6] Abbie Griffin.PDMA research on new product development practice:updating trends and benchmarking best practices[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1997(14): 429-458.
[7] 马驰.关于技术创新调查的方法[J].统计研究,1997(2):16-21.
[8] 马驰,徐永昌,张晶,高昌林.国内技术创新调查述评[J].中国软科学,1997(3):41-44.
[9] 马驰,高昌林.制造业企业的技术创新活动及其产出[J].国际技术经济研究,1996(4):31-38.
[10] 企业技术创新调查研究课题组.企业技术创新报告[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2002.
[11] 高建.中国企业技术创新分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[12] 技术创新研究课题组.中国企业技术创新政策基础及实证研究——福建、甘肃工业企业技术创新调查总报告[J].管理世界,1996(2):123-132.
[13] 国务院发展研究中心企业研究所企业技术创新课题组.中国企业技术创新报告[J].经济,2007(Z1):70-73.
[14] 国家统计局社会和科技统计司.2007年全国工业企业创新调查统计资料[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
[15] 郭阳,吴玉祥.增强企业自主创新能力的几个问题——来自全省百家大型工业企业的调研报告[J].政策,2006(8):16-17.
[16] 陈九龙.陕西技术创新的现状与对策研究[J].当代经济科学,2008(5):118-123.
[17] 赵兰香,穆荣平.技术创新发展阶段对技术发展战略选择的约束[J].科学学研究,2003(6):652-656.
[18] Chandler, Alf red. D., Inventing the Electronic Century: The Epic Story of the Consumer Electronics and Computer Industries [M], New York: The Free Press, 2001.
[19] Kim.Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of Korea’ s Technological Learning[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[20] 高昌林,张晶,马驰.用客体法采集创新数据及实施方法[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1998(9):28-30.
[21] OECD.Measuring Innovation——A New Perspective. Paris,2010.
[22] 张杰军,张赤东.中国创新型试点企业规模与技术创新投入关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2008(1):52-57.
[23] 张赤东.民营大企业研发体系模式分析[J].中国科技论坛,2011(5):61-66.
基金
国家软科学研究计划重大项目(2012GXS5D124)和科技部软科学研究项目(2012JSCX04)资助研究成果。
PDF(1136 KB)
