本文先对中美两国在R&D活动中实际支出的数据进行了比较,再利用效用函数理论来探讨中美两国如何将R&D的经费分配于科学研究(基础研究和应用研究的总称)和试验发展才是合理和有效的。本文的研究结论是:中国对科学研究的投入比例严重不足,而对试验发展的投入比例相对过高;美国的情况则有所不同:从联邦雇员从事R&D活动的情况来看,他们投入于科学研究的经费比例较大,而投入于试验发展的经费比例却较低;但从全美人员从事R&D活动的情况来看,他们在科学研究和试验发展上的经费支出结构较为合理。
Abstract
At the first, the actual expenditure data of R&D activities in China and USA are compared. Then, the utility function theory has been used to explore how these two countries allocate the R&D funds for the scientific research (including basic and applied researches) and development. It is concluded that the serious shortage of investment in scientific research, meanwhile the investment in experimental development is relatively high in China. The situation is different in USA. In the R&D activities of federal employees, the investment in scientific research is relatively high, in the meantime the investment in the experimental development is relatively low compared with China. However, the expenditure structure in the overall scientific research and experimental development might be more reasonable for the R&D activities of whole researchers and engineers.
关键词
效用 /
柯布－道格拉斯函数 /
科学研究 /
试验发展
Key words
utility /
Cobb-Douglas function /
scientific research /
experimental development
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参考文献
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基金
房地产金融风险监管体系研究(O95301G1A9), 中国科学院管理科学预测科学研究中心支持;科研经费的成本收益研究(O9410411G2),大中型企业委托。
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