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数字化与专利密集型产业技术创新协同研究
Research on the technological innovation collaboration of digitalization with patent-intensive industries
专利密集型产业拥有众多关键技术和核心专利,探究数字化如何更好地促进专利密集型产业取得技术创新协同突破对于促进产业结构转型升级和提升国家核心竞争力具有重要意义。基于“投入-产出”视角,利用省级面板数据解析数字化水平对专利密集型产业技术创新协同的影响机制并进行实证分析。研究发现:专利密集型产业技术创新协同在时间上呈现稳步增长的趋势,在空间上形成“东部高、中部平、西部及东北部低”的格局;数字化整体上可以正向促进专利密集型产业技术创新协同,具体而言,数字化基础设施水平与技术创新协同呈正向关系,数字化应用发展水平与技术创新协同呈倒U型关系。就作用机理来说,数字化可以通过提高产业集聚水平实现更高水平的技术创新协同;从产业异质性而言,数字化对“复杂型”专利密集型产业技术创新协同的作用效果较之对“离散型”专利密集型产业的作用效果更优。以上结论丰富了数字化领域与专利密集型产业技术融合发展的研究体系,深化了基于产业技术创新需求对知识产权制度进行优化的理论基础。
Patent-intensive industries have many key technologies and core patents. Exploring how digitalization can better promote patent-intensive industries to achieve breakthroughs in technological innovation collaboration is of great significance for promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and enhancing national core competitiveness. Based on the perspective of "input-output", this paper analyzed the influence mechanism of digitalization level on technological innovation collaboration of patent-intensive industries by using provincial panel data to make an empirical analysis. The results showed that technological innovation collaboration of patent-intensive industries shows a steady growth trend in time, and forms a pattern of "high in the east, flat in the middle, low in the west and northeast" in space; digitalization as a whole can positively promote technological innovation collaboration of patent-intensive industries, specifically, digital infrastructure level has a positive relationship with technological innovation collaboration, and the digital application development level has an inverted U-shaped relationship with technological innovation collaboration. In terms of the mechanism, digitalization can achieve a higher level of technological innovation collaboration by improving the level of industrial agglomeration. From the perspective of industrial heterogeneity, the effect of digitalization on technological innovation collaboration in "complex" patent-intensive industries is better than that in "discrete" patent-intensive industries. The above conclusions has enriched the research system of the integration and development of digitalization and patent-intensive industries, and deepened the theoretical basis for optimizing the intellectual property system based on the needs of industrial technological innovation.
数字化 / 专利密集型产业 / 技术创新协同 / 影响机制 / 产业异质性
digitization / patent-intensive industry / technological innovation collaboration / influence mechanism / industrial heterogeneity
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采用组合赋权法确定序参量指标权重，改进传统复合系统协同度模型，构建具有速度特征的专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同度综合测度模型。基于15个专利密集型产业2011年—2016年的样本数据，从静态和动态视角对我国专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同水平及其演变状态与趋势展开实证研究。结果表明：我国专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同度发展水平较低，协同度在[-0.08，0.1]区间震荡。不同专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同发展相对不平衡，其中计算机制造业其协同水平相对较低，排名靠后；而医疗设备制造业、医药制造业、电气设备制造业及化学原料及化学制品制造业其协同水平相对稳定，排名靠前。此外，各专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同发展水平表现出明显的波动趋势，除了通信设备、雷达及配套设备制造业和其他电子设备制造业呈现波动下降趋势外，其他专利密集型产业呈现上升趋势，说明多数产业能均衡有序发展。研究结论以期为专利密集型产业知识产权管理能力协同度提升提供理论依据和政策建议。
The combination weighting method is used to determine the weight of order parameter index, and the traditional composite system synergy degree model is improved. A comprehensive measurement model of intellectual property（IP） management capability synergy degree with speed characteristics of patent intensive industries is constructed. Based on the sample data of 15 patent-intensive industries from 2011 to 2016, this paper makes an empirical study on the collaboration and evolution of intellectual property management capability of China's patent-intensive industries from the static and dynamic perspective. The results show that the development level of synergistic degree of IP management ability of China's patent-intensive industries is low, and the synergistic degree fluctuates in the range of [-0.08, 0.1]. The collaborative development of IP management ability of different patent-intensive industries is relatively unbalanced. The collaborative computer manufacturing industry is relatively low and ranks low. The medical equipment manufacturing industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, electrical equipment manufacturing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry is relatively stable, ranking top. In addition, the coordinated development of the patent intensive IP management level showed obvious trend of fluctuations, in addition to the manufacturing of communication equipment, radar and auxiliary equipment and other electronic equipment, other patent-intensive industries show an upward trend, indicating that most industries can develop in a balanced and orderly way. The research conclusions are expected to provide theoretical basis and policy suggestions for the improvement of the coordination degree of IP management ability in patent-intensive industries.
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基于PP-SFA模型对我国专利密集型产业产出效率进行测度，分析影响专利密集型产业产出效率的影响因素，并利用具有速度特征的时空演化模型分析专利密集型产业效率动态演化趋势。研究结果表明：我国专利密集型产业产出效率处于一般水平，仍有可提升空间，不同专利密集型产业间产出效率存在明显差异且发展不平衡。对于专利密集型产业产出效率影响因素，政府支持、研发投入强度、竞争程度、研发外部经费均对产出效率具有正向影响，但研发投入强度的作用效果最为显著。在时空演化方面，我国专利密集型产业产出效率呈现波动变化趋势。研究结果为专利密集型产业产出效率提升提供了理论支撑，并为专利密集型产业发展提供建议参考。
Based on the PP-SFA model, the paper measures the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China, and analyzes the influencing factors affecting the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries. Also, the dynamic evolution trend of patent-intensive industries is analyzed by using the spatial-temporal evolution model with the characteristic of speed. The research results show that the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China is at a general level, and there is still space for improvement. The output efficiency of different patent-intensive industries is obviously different and the development is unbalanced. For the factors affecting the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries, government support, R&D investment intensity, competition level, and R&D external funds all have positive effects on output efficiency, but R&D investment intensity has the most significant effect of all. In terms of spatial-temporal evolution, the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China shows a fluctuating trend. The research results provide theoretical support for the efficiency improvement of patent-intensive industries, and provide suggestions for the development of patent-intensive industries.
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前沿研究关注信息化对创新效率的影响，随着数字技术的发展，鲜有研究考察数字技术对创新效率的作用，也并未重视其作用机制检验，以及作用效应是否存在异质性。基于此，本文采用2007-2020年中国30个地区面板数据，检验数字技术对创新效率的影响及其作用机制，并进一步考察不同政府关注度、不同研发强度以及不同地理区位的异质性影响。研究发现：第一，总体上看，数字技术能够显著提升地区创新效率，这一结论在进行稳健性检验和工具变量回归后仍然成立。第二，数字技术对创新效率作用机制检验发现，数字技术通过人力资本积累、知识溢出和优化创新要素配置提升地区创新效率。第三，进一步分析表明，数字技术对地区创新效率的影响存在异质性，在政府关注度较高、研发强度较高以及地理区位优势地区，数字技术对创新效率的推动作用更为明显。
Frontier research focuses on the impact of informatization on innovation efficiency. With the development of digital technology, few studies have investigated the role of digital technology on innovation efficiency, nor have they paid attention to the test of its mechanism of action and whether there is heterogeneity in the effect. Based on this, this paper uses panel data of 30 regions in China from 2007 to 2020 to test the impact of digital technology on innovation efficiency and its mechanism, and further investigate the heterogeneous impact of different government attention, different R&D intensity and different geographical locations. Research findings: first, on the whole, digital technology can significantly improve the efficiency of regional innovation. This conclusion is still valid after the robustness test and instrumental variable regression. Second, the test of the mechanism of digital technology on innovation efficiency shows that digital technology improves regional innovation efficiency through human capital accumulation, knowledge spillover and optimization of innovation factor allocation. Third, further analysis shows that there is heterogeneity in the impact of digital technology on regional innovation efficiency. In areas with high government attention, high R&D intensity and geographical advantages, the promotion of digital technology on innovation efficiency is more obvious.
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