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场景驱动的跨区域创新系统:核心要素与未来发展
Scenescape-driven cross-regional innovation system: The key factors and future development
新型举国体制下跨区域创新系统的重要性凸显,但现有研究对数字技术进步引发的跨区域创新现象讨论不足。本文研究了场景驱动跨区域创新系统的核心要素和未来研究趋势。结合场景理论,将跨区域创新系统定义为基于融合创新场景形成的区域子系统间相互耦合的系统。跨区域创新主体借助数字技术共同在虚拟空间构建融合创新场景,其概念公式为 “虚拟空间+想象结构+融合的区域精神→融合创新场景”。跨区域创新系统能够服务于我国区域协调发展、创新发展战略和新型举国体制的创新治理,其未来研究方向包括创新场景虚拟化、创新主体分散化、创新治理平台化背景下的认知更新、构建路径和治理逻辑。研究结果丰富并拓展了区域创新系统理论,并在微观和区域政策层面提供了相应启示。
The importance of cross-regional innovation systems under a new nationwide system is obvious, but existing research is insufficient in discussing cross-regional innovations caused by digital technology progress. This paper studied the key factors and future research trends of scenario-driven cross-regional innovation systems. Based on the scenario theory, cross-regional innovation system is defined as the coupling system between regional subsystems formed by integrated innovation scenarios. The cross-regional innovators have constructed some fusion innovation scenarios in virtual space through digital technology, and the conceptual formula is "virtual space + imagination structure + fusion regional spirit → fusion innovation scenario". It was found that cross-regional innovation systems can serve coordinated regional development, innovative development strategy and innovative governance of new nationwide system in China. It was also found that future research directions include cognitive renewal, construction path and governance logic under backgrounds of innovation scenario virtualization, innovation subject decentralization, and innovation governance. The research results have enriched and expanded the theory of regional innovation system, and will provide corresponding enlightenment in micro and regional policy making levels.
innovation / innovation scenario / digital technology / cross-regional innovation system
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从城市创新产出和空间知识溢出角度提出了信息通信技术（ICT）重塑城市创新格局的理论假说。基于中国268个城市的面板数据,采用半参数门限空间杜宾模型测算ICT对中国城市创新产出的非线性作用和非对称的空间知识溢出。结果发现,ICT显著提升了城市整体的创新产出,且创新提升效应具有“边际效应递增”的非线性特征,ICT用户规模更大的中心城市创新提升效应更大;空间知识溢出提高了城市整体的创新产出,但空间知识溢出具有非对称性,中心城市利用ICT集聚优势能够获得更大的空间知识溢出。通过扩大外围城市ICT用户规模,达到70万户的门限值,有助于塑造协调的城市创新格局。
From the perspective of urban innovation output and spatial knowledge spillover,this paper puts forward a theoretical hypothesis that ICT(Information and Communication Technology) has different effects on urban innovation output. Based on the panel data from 268 cities in China,it uses the semi-parametric threshold spatial Dubin model to measure the non-linear effect of ICT on the urban innovation output and the asymmetric spatial knowledge spillover. The results show that ICT improves the innovation output of the whole city significantly when the effect of innovation promotion is bigger in central cities due to the marginal increasing effect. The larger the ICT users,the greater the innovation promotion effect in central cities. While spatial knowledge spillover improves the innovation output of the whole city,it has significant asymmetry that central cities can get more benefits. By expanding ICT users in peripheral cities to reach the threshold of 700 thousand,it will help reshape a coordinated urban innovation pattern.
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Researchers debate whether tacit knowledge sharing through information technology (IT) is actually possible. However, with the advent of social web tools, it has been argued that most shortcomings of tacit knowledge sharing are likely to disappear. The purpose of this paper is two‐fold: first, to demonstrate the existing debates in the literature regarding tacit knowledge sharing using IT; and second, to identify key research gaps that lay the foundations for future research into tacit knowledge sharing using the social web.
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Rapid and pervasive digitization of innovation processes and outcomes has upended extant theories on innovation management by calling into question fundamental assumptions about the definitional boundaries for innovation, agency for innovation, and the relationship between innovation processes and outcomes. There is a critical need for novel theorizing on digital innovation management that does not rely on such assumptions and draws on the rich and rapidly emerging research on digital technologies. We offer suggestions for such theorizing in the form of four new theorizing logics, or elements, that are likely to be valuable in constructing more accurate explanations of innovation processes and outcomes in an increasingly digital world. These logics can open new avenues for researchers to contribute to this important area. Our suggestions in this paper, coupled with the six research notes included in the special issue on digital innovation management, seek to offer a broader foundation for reinventing innovation management research in a digital world.
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在全球竞争格局不断发生变化的形势下，创新的作用日益凸显，促使创新发生的驱动力也在不断发生改变。除传统的市场力量和政府力量可以驱动创新外，社会力量及创新生态系统力量的兴起也不断推动了创新进程。其中创新生态系统力量由于不同的创新理念、作用方式和目标等为中国的创新发展带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。因此，梳理了不同类型的创新驱动力，并结合其不同特征进行了对比。同时，基于创新生态系统作为第四种创新驱动力的特征，讨论了其当前在我国面临的机遇和挑战，并给出了相关的建议。
Innovation has been assumed to have played a vital role in the ever-changing global competitive environment, and the driving forces of innovation have also been changing. In addition to the traditional ones-the market and the government-, entering the digital era, the rise of society force and innovation ecosystem have also emerged as the important forces. Among those four forces, the innovation ecosystem has provided China with unprecedented opportunities and challenges due to its different characteristics, such as the ideas creation, action modes and strategic goals. Therefore, we analysed those four different types of driving forces towards innovation and made a comparison of their natures. Finally, this paper also discussed the opportunities and challenges from the rising of innovation ecosystem as kind of special force and provided some policy suggestions.
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建设富有韧性的数字创新生态系统是抵御外部风险冲击、推动区域创新发展数字转型的必由之路。本文以28个省市的数字创新生态系统为分析对象，通过指标评价方法测度其韧性，并使用fsQCA方法研究治理利基组态对区域数字创新生态系统韧性的影响。研究识别了导致高韧性的“知识-资源”驱动和“市场驱动”两种组态，以及导致低韧性的“资源主导”和“知识主导”两种组态。研究发现有助于数字创新生态及其治理理论的发展，也对制定区域数字创新生态系统发展政策制定具有启示意义。
建设富有韧性的数字创新生态系统是抵御外部风险冲击、推动区域创新发展数字转型的必由之路。本文以28个省市的数字创新生态系统为分析对象，通过指标评价方法测度其韧性，并使用fsQCA方法研究治理利基组态对区域数字创新生态系统韧性的影响。研究识别了导致高韧性的“知识-资源”驱动和“市场驱动”两种组态，以及导致低韧性的“资源主导”和“知识主导”两种组态。研究发现有助于数字创新生态及其治理理论的发展，也对制定区域数字创新生态系统发展政策制定具有启示意义。
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新发展阶段，科技创新要超越传统的技术驱动，把握场景驱动的新范式、新机遇，发挥我国超大规模市场和丰富应用场景的优势，实现从创新追赶到创新引领的跨越。结合数字经济时代世界科技强国建设理论与实践，在回顾现有创新范式的基础上，系统探讨场景驱动的创新的内涵特征、理论逻辑、实践进路与典型案例，并展望未来研究和实践前沿。场景驱动的创新既是将现有技术应用于特定场景，进而创造更大价值的过程，也是基于未来趋势与愿景需求，驱动战略、技术、组织、市场需求等创新要素及情境要素整合共融，突破现有技术瓶颈，开发新技术、新产品、新渠道、新商业模式，乃至开辟新市场和新领域的过程。研究成果可为数字经济时代坚持创新引领发展，加快推进技术、场景和商业模式融合创新，以场景驱动原始性创新、关键核心技术突破、重大技术应用提供重要理论和实践启示。
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在区域一体化背景下,产业合作、园区共建、政策互通等形式的开发区间跨界联系日益增强。本文将该现象置于中国开发区转型发展的历史轨迹中来分析,提出开发区“第四次创业”的概念,并以长江三角洲核心区的国家级经济技术开发区为例,基于企业组织视角测度开发区跨界联系的水平及网络特征,随后基于随机行动者导向模型探究其微观机制。研究表明：第四次创业是开发区突破所在城市、在区域尺度寻求新发展机遇的一次转型,是开发区的扩散效应由第三次创业的城市尺度进一步延伸至区域尺度的表现,也是推进区域一体化的一条新路径。在长三角地区,该网络已逐渐发育并呈现出非均衡性和加速生长趋势,网络效应、开发区属性、地理邻近性等对该网络的发育有较显著的影响。
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Studies in the regional innovation literature have largely focused on the role of economic, structural, demographic, and institutional factors, but very few studies shed light on the role of amenities. This paper investigates this question by examining how amenities shape the geography of innovation in China. The empirical results based on city-level data suggest that both natural and consumer amenities are positively associated with regional innovation. Specifically, amenities related to air quality, sunshine, public transportation, educational resources, and healthcare services matter most. Further, the analysis suggests the influence of amenities on innovation is closely linked to city characteristics such as income, density, and human capital. Therefore, to formulate innovation-driven growth, these results suggest that more attention should be paid to the role of amenities and amenity-related strategies should be tailored to city characteristics.
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The effectiveness and creativity of Linux, Wikipedia, and a plethora of other distributed innovation systems have attracted the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The hallmark of these distributed innovation systems is that value creation transcends the boundaries of hierarchically organized firms. To date, only relatively few studies have focused on the organization design of distributed innovation systems. This conceptual article addresses this lacuna by asking, how does organization design structure relationships in distributed innovation systems, including interactions between the “visible hand” of the manager and the “crowd” of distributed innovation? The purpose of this article is to shift the unit of analysis of organization design from the individual firm to networks of actors providing a framework to study how design organizes distributed innovation systems. In order to do so, three design mechanisms (interface design, the design of participatory architectures, and the design of evaluative infrastructures) are proposed through which firms and other network actors organize their encounter in “the open” and through which they manage communication, coordination of tasks, and control in distributed innovation systems.
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当今技术研发分散化和网络化的发展趋势使得企业不断打破边界，通过共同构建开放式创新生态系统以交互传递价值，合力提升企业创新能力。然而，如何实现价值共创是开放式创新生态系统面临的主要问题。本研究以四家创新型企业为样本，采用扎根理论进行多案例分析，从开放式创新生态系统价值共创模式和机制两个层面刻画开放式创新生态系统价值共创之路；并应用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）深入探讨开放式创新生态系统运行模式和治理机制不同构型对促进价值共创的作用机理。研究表明：单一运行模式或治理机制无法促进生态系统实现价值共创；运行模式或治理机制的交互组合是实现生态系统价值共创的最优选择，且存在多条等效路径。研究结果为开放式创新生态系统提高资源整合效率以及实现价值共创提供了理论启示与实践参考。
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