单项冠军是制造业细分领域的全球领先者，专利国际化对单项冠军拓展海外市场、抵御专利风险至关重要；单项冠军培育行动是实现制造强国战略的重大举措，评价培育行动对专利国际化的影响将为政策优化提供决策依据。为排除其他因素对培育行动评价的干扰，选择实验组和对照组构建准自然实验，汇集梳理样本企业的专利国际化数据，开展培育行动实施效果评价。研究结果表明，培育行动引导单项冠军重视专利国际化，对国际专利申请产生显著促进作用，但未能显著促进国际专利申请进入国家阶段，国际专利申请平均进入国家数呈现下降趋势；单项冠军的专利国际化质量还不高，尚未充分利用PCT体系优势布局国际专利，有必要以平均进入国家数跟踪评价单项冠军的专利国际化。因此，建议优化培育行动复核机制，将专利国际化列为资格复核的重要指标，鞭策单项冠军提升专利国际化质量，利用培育行动的政策支持，加快完善国际专利布局，以提升抵御海外市场专利风险的专利实力。
Abstract
Single champions are the global leaders in manufacturing segments. Patent internationalization is crucial to single champions to expand overseas markets and resist patent risks. The cultivation action of single champions is a major measure to realize the strategies for a manufacturing power. The evaluation of the effect of cultivation actions on patent internationalization will provide decision basis for policy optimization. In this paper, the experimental and control groups were selected to construct quasi-natural experiments to exclude the interference of other factors on the evaluation of cultivation actions. We retrieve data on patent internationalization of sample enterprises to evaluate the effect of cultivation actions. The results showed that the cultivation action guides single champions to attach importance to patent internationalization, and has a positive effect on the applications of international patents. However, the cultivation actions have not significantly promoted patent applications to the national phase entry. The average of national phase entries of international patent applications shows a downward trend, and the patent internationalization quality of single champions is not high. Single champions have not fully taken advantages of the PCT system for international patent layout. It is necessary to carry out tracing evaluation for the patent internationalization of single champions according to the average of national phase entries. Therefore, we suggest to optimize the cultivation action evaluation mechanism, take patent internationalization as the key index of qualification review, and stimulate single champions to improve the quality of patent internationalization. Single champions should utilize cultivation actions to accelerate the layout of international patents in order to enhance the patent strength to resist patent risks in overseas markets.
关键词
单项冠军 /
培育行动 /
专利国际化 /
准自然实验 /
政策评价
Key words
single champion /
cultivation action /
patent internationalization /
quasi-natural experiment /
policy evaluation
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目：“专利国际化背景下的专利战及防范应对研究”（72074042, 2021.01—2024.12）。
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