科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 112-126.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

一体化运营模式下中国区域港群效率研究

贾鹏1,2,3，马奇飞1,2，邬桐2，陆圣斓4，匡海波1,2   

  1. 1.大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院，辽宁 大连116026；
    2.大连海事大学综合交通运输协同创新中心，辽宁 大连116026；
    3.中国科学院大学经济与管理学院，北京100190；
    4.同济大学交通运输学院，上海200092

  • 收稿日期:2022-04-16 修回日期:2023-02-22 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 贾鹏
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目：“一体化运营格局下区域港群集约优化及治理策略研究”（72174035，2022.01—2025.12）；国家自然科学基金面上项目：“绿色增长导向的港口群落结构优化与对策研究”（71774018，2018.01—2021.12）；辽宁省“兴辽英才”支持计划项目（XLYC2008030，2021.01—2023.12）；中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目：“产业转移下帕累托最优导向的陆港时空布局及其资源配置”（2015M580128，2015.11—2017.05）。

Research on the efficiency of China′s regional port groups under the integrated operation mode

Jia Peng1,2,3, Ma Qifei1,2, Wu Tong2, Lu Shenglan4, Kuang Haibo1,2   

  1. 1. School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China;
    2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Transport Studies, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China;
    3. School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    4. School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2022-04-16 Revised:2023-02-22 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-04-12

摘要： 本文基于一体化格局下区域港群效率的科学内涵，将“区域港群”整体作为决策单元，从微观和宏观层面将区域港群的运作过程分为生产阶段和腹地服务阶段，采用考虑非期望产出的超效率网络SBM模型、标准差椭圆模型对2010—2019年中国沿海9个区域港群总效率和分阶段效率进行时间和空间维度的测度和评价，并运用Tobit模型探究区域港群效率的影响因素，从企业管理者和政府决策者角度为区域港群发展对策提供理论依据与实践指南。研究表明：从时间维度看，我国沿海区域港群总效率、生产效率、腹地服务效率在评价期内均呈现一定的波动，总体无效率是由于生产无效率；从空间维度看，我国南方港群效率整体高于北方港群，效率重心呈现从南向北偏移趋势，区域发展不平衡问题有所改善；港口集团年龄、区位优势、产业结构、腹地集疏运能力会正向影响区域港群效率，港口基础设施会负向影响区域港群效率，而腹地专业人才、对外开放程度、信息化程度均未通过显著性检验.

关键词: 港口一体化, 区域港群效率, 网络SBM-DEA, 标准差椭圆, Tobit模型

Abstract:    Over the past 40 years since the reform and opening up, China′s economy has become more and more closely linked to the world economy. Ports have become a window to represent the national economic development, urban economic growth and opening up. They are important strategic resources for the national and regional development. By 2022, China has occupied eight of the top ten ports in the world with the largest throughput, and China has become a recognized port power in the world. However, there are still many problems in China′s ports, such as serious homogenization and disorderly competition, low utilization rate of port resources and unreasonable functional allocation, which lead to low port efficiency and slow down the pace of building a world-class port in China.With the rapid development of the global economy, and the continuous strengthening of the port collection and distribution conditions and loading and unloading capacity brought by technological innovation, the radiation radius of the port service hinterland is constantly expanding, and the process of the port development to large-scale and specialization is constantly accelerating. In order to improve the scale effect and competitiveness of port groups, all the major ports around the world have gradually started the practice process of port integration. Under this background, how to scientifically evaluate the development efficiency of China′s port groups under the integrated operation mode, identify the driving factors that affect the development of port groups, and explore the resource intensive optimization and governance strategies of regional port groups suitable for the "integrated operation" mode is a scientific issues worthy of academic study, which is of great significance to build a world-class port in China.Based on the scientific connotation of regional port group efficiency under the integration operation mode, this paper takes "regional port group" as a whole as a decision-making unit, divides the operation process of regional port group into production stage and hinterland service stage from micro and macro levels, and measures the total efficiency and staged efficiency of nine regional port groups in China from 2010 to 2019 by using the super-efficiency network SBM model considering the unexpected output. In addition, we apply the standard deviation ellipse model and Tobit model to further discuss the spatial evolution of the regional port group efficiency and its influencing factors, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the efficient development of regional port groups. It is found that, from the time dimension, the total efficiency, production efficiency and hinterland service efficiency of China′s port groups all showed an upward trend during the evaluation period, and the hinterland service efficiency contributed a lot to the total efficiency. From the perspective of spatial dimension, the efficiency of port groups in southern China is generally higher than that in northern China. In the later period of the study, the focus of efficiency shifted from south to north, and the imbalance of regional development improved. The age, location advantage, industrial structure and hinterland collection and distribution capacity of the port can promote the improvement of the regional port groups efficiency, while the increase of port infrastructure can inhibit the improvement of regional port groups efficiency.The above conclusions have important policy implications for promoting the process of China′s port integration and realizing the goal of world-class ports construction. First, China should optimize resource allocation, promote the rational and efficient utilization of port resources, and improve the production efficiency of port groups. Second, it should strengthen exchanges and cooperation, narrow the development gap between the northern and southern ports, and realize balanced regional development. Third, it should also promote technology upgrading, build an intelligent collecting and dispatching system, promote multi-level and high-quality services for regional ports, and continuously improve the efficiency of regional port groups.

Key words: port integration, regional port group efficiency, network SBM-DEA, standard deviation ellipse, Tobit model