企业数字化转型与绿色转型是我国实现高质量发展的关键路径，探索企业数字化转型如何影响绿色创新模式具有重要的理论价值和实践启示。本文以2002—2021年中国A股上市公司为研究样本，基于“国际专利分类绿色清单”与绿色创新内容区分了节能型与环保型两种绿色创新模式，实证检验了企业数字化转型对绿色创新模式选择的影响及机制。研究发现，企业数字化转型显著推动了企业对节能型绿色创新的选择，这种作用主要源于数字底层技术的运用。数字绿色研发投入在其中起中介作用，市场竞争、非正式环境规制和政府创新补贴均能调节企业的绿色创新模式选择策略。进一步异质性分析发现，在制造业等对绿色改造需求较大的行业，数字化转型更大程度地推动了企业对节能型绿色创新的选择。研究结果在理论层面明晰了数字化转型对企业绿色创新模式选择的影响，在实践层面对我国企业数字化与绿色化协同发展具有重要的启示。
Abstract
The digital transformation and green transformation of enterprises are key paths to achieve high-quality development in China. Exploring how the digital transformation of enterprises affects their green innovation model holds both theoretical significance and practical insights. Amid digital transformation, enterprises face the critical issue of how to allocate their limited innovation resources. Will they prioritize breaking free from resource constraints, environmental limitations, or from both? The choice between energy-saving and environmentally-friendly green innovation becomes an urgent matter necessitating practical and theoretical exploration. However, few scholars in the academia have delved into this crucial issue. In order to investigate these issues, this study differentiated the content and models of green innovation, using energy-saving and environmentally-friendly green innovation models as the foundation. Against the backdrop of the new generation of information technology and digital technologies leading the development of green and low-carbon technologies, and with a focus on the Chinese context, this paper systematically examined the impact of digital transformation on the choice of enterprise green innovation models. This analysis was based on the panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2002 to 2021, thus making a comprehensive investigation into the influencing mechanisms involved.The study′s findings are as follows: (1) Digital transformation significantly boosts enterprises′ choice of energy-saving green innovation, which is mainly driven using digital underlying technologies. This conclusion still holds after considering endogeneity issues and a series of robustness tests such as replacing the green innovation level indicator and excluding specific samples. (2) Green R&D investment in digitization plays a mediating role in digital transformation and the choice of green innovation models. Digital transformation prompts enterprises to invest more digital resources in energy-saving green R&D, which in turn promotes the choice of energy-saving green innovation. (3) Market competition and government innovation subsidies strengthen the role of digital transformation in influencing the choice of energy-saving green innovation. Meanwhile, informal environmental regulations imposed by the public strengthen the impact of digital transformation on the choice of environmentally-friendly green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the impact of digital transformation on promoting the choice of energy-saving green innovation is particularly pronounced in the manufacturing sector with a high demand for green technological transformation.This study has several theoretical significances: (1) Our conclusions provided additional confirmation for the previously posited perspective that “digital capabilities have differing impacts on various facets of green transformation, including environmental management, improved resource utilization efficiency, and alterations in energy structure”. It also classified green innovation in terms of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly and clarifies the impact of digital transformation on enterprises′ choice of green innovation models. (2) This study revealed the mechanisms through which digital transformation influences the choice of green innovation models. (3) We incorporated the factors of the triadic co-management of environmental governance into the unified analytical framework. Within this framework, we examined the moderating effects of market competition, informal social environmental regulations, and government innovation subsidies, thus effectively avoiding the fragmented limitations present in current research.The study proposed the following policy insights: (1) The triadic co-management system should be comprehensively considered to promote the coordinated development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly green innovation. (2) Manufacturing enterprises, especially heavily polluting enterprises, should be promoted to carry out digital transformation. (3) Deep integration of digitalization and greening should be facilitated, the foundational role of digital technology in the green development of enterprises should be actively leveraged and the application of data elements in the core processes of enterprise production should be encouraged to comprehensively reduce energy consumption.
关键词
数字化 /
绿色创新 /
节能 /
环保 /
创新模式
Key words
digitalization /
green innovation /
energy-saving /
environmentally friendly /
innovation model
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1]韦施威，杜金岷，潘 爽. 数字经济如何促进绿色创新？ ——来自中国城市的经验证据[J].财贸丛论，2022，（3）：1-3.
[1] WEI Shiwei，DU Jinmin，PAN Shuang. How does Digital Economy Promote Green Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities [J]. Collected Essays on Finance and Economics，2022，（3）：1-3.
[2]宋德勇，朱文博，丁 海. 企业数字化能否促进绿色技术创新——基于重污染行业上市公司的考察[J].财经研究，2022，（4）：34-46.
[2] SONG Deyong, ZHU Wenbo, DING Hai. Can Firm Digitalization Promote Green Technological Innovation? An Examination Based on Listed Companies in Heavy Pollution Industries [J].Journal of Finace and Economics，2022，（4）：34-46.
[3]刘 航，伏 霖 ，李 涛 ，孙宝文. 基于中国实践的互联网与数字经济研究———首届互联网与数字经济论坛综述[J].经济研究，2019，（3）：204-205.
[3] LIU Hang, FU Lin, LI Tao, SUN Baowen.Research on Internet and Digital Economy Based on Chinese Practice ——— Review of the First Internet and Digital Economy Forum [J]. Economic Research Journal，2019，（3）：204-205.
[4]朱泽钢.治理机制对绿色技术创新的驱动作用[J].中国软科学,2022，(12):125-135.
[4]ZHU Zegang. Driving effect of governance mechanism on green technology innovation [J].China soft science magazine,2022，(12):125-135.
[5]彭文斌,路江林.环境规制与绿色创新政策:基于外部性的理论逻辑[J].社会科学,2017，(10):73-83.
[5]PENG Wenbin LU Jianglin. Environmental Regulation and Green Innovation Policy: Theoretical Logic Based on Externalities[J].Journal of science,2017，(10):73-83.
[6]Rexh?user S, Rammer C.“Environmental innovations and firm profitability: unmasking the Porter hypothesis”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 2014, 57(1):145-167.
[7]Claudia Ghisetti,Klaus Rennings. Environmental innovations and profitability: how does it pay to be green? An empirical analysis on the German innovation survey[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,75(75):106-117.
[8]Hart S L，Dowell G．A Natural－resource －based View of the Firm: Fifteen Years After［J］．Journal of Management,2010,20( 5) : 986 － 1014．
[9]Patel, A.R., Ramaiya, K.K., Bhatia, C.V., Shah, H.N., Bhavsar, S.N. Artificial intelligence: prospect in mechanical engineering field—a review[J]. Data Science and Intelligence,2021, 1(3): 267–282.
[10]罗良文，梁圣蓉.国际研发资本技术溢出对中国绿色创新效率的空间效应[J].经济管理，2017,39(03):21-33.
[10] LUO Liang-wen，LIANG Sheng-rong. The Spatial Effect of International Ｒ＆D Capital Technology Spillovers on the Efficiency of China's Green Technology Innovation[J]. Business Management Journal,2017,39(03):21-33.
[11]Yoo Y, Boland Jr R J, Lyytinen K, et al. Organizing for innovation in the digitized world[J]. Organization Science，2012,23（5）: 1398-1408.
[12]张超，陈凯华，穆荣平．数字创新生态系统:理论构建与未来研究[J]．科研管理，2021，42(3)：01－11．
[12]ZHANG Chao, CHEN Kaihua, MU Rongping. The digital innovation ecosystems : Theory building and a research agenda[ J].Science Research Management , 2021 , 42(3) : 01 - 11.
[13]吴张建. 面向碳中和的未来能源发展数字化转型思考[J]. 能 源, 2021(2): 54-57.
[13]WU Zhangjian.Towards a carbon-neutral future energy development Digital transformation thinking [J]. Energy, 2021(2): 54-57.
[14]GUO Li, Ji S Q.The Impact of Energy Enterprise Heterogeneity on Green Innovation Capability – from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover Resource Development and Market[J]. Sustainability, 2022,14(4):1117.
[15] Mandal P, Perumal G, Arora H S, et al. Green manufacturing of nanostructured Al-Based sustainable self-cleaning metallic surfaces[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 278: 123373.
[16]范 英,衣博文.能源转型的规律、驱动机制与中国路径[J].管理世界，2021，（8）：95-104.
[16] FAN Ying , YI Bowen.Evolution, Driving Mechanism, and Pathway of China's Energy Transition [J]. Journal of Management World，2021，（8）：95-104.
[17]王舒娅.我国智慧环保发展现状与前景[J].中国信息界,2020，(05):72-75.
[17]WANG Shuya. The current situation and prospect of smart environmental protection development in China [J]. Chinese information community,2020，(05):72-75.
[18]郭海,韩佳平.数字化情境下开放式创新对新创企业成长的影响:商业模式创新的中介作用[J].管理评论,2019,31(06):186-198.
[18] GUO Hai and HAN Jiaping. Open Innovation and the Growth of Startups in the Digital Economy: The Mediating Effect of Business Model Innovation [J].Management Review,2019,31(06):186-198.
[19]万骁乐,毕力文,邱鲁连.供应链压力、战略柔性与制造企业开放式绿色创新——基于TOE框架的组态分析[J].中国软科学,2022，(10):99-113.
[19] WAN Xiaole ，BI Liwen，QIU Lulian. Supply chain pressure，strategic flexibility and open green innovation of manufacturing enterprises ———Configuration analysis based on TOE framework [J]. China soft science magazine,2022，(10):99-113.
[20]董直庆,王辉.城市财富与绿色技术选择[J].经济研究,2021,56(04):143-159.
[20] DONG Zhiqing , WANG Hui. Urban Wealth and Green Technology Choice [J]. Economic Research Journal,2021,56(04):143-159.
[21]杜祥琬.杜祥琬：推动能源转型，需在六大观念上创新[J].能源,2020(05):27-30.
[21]DU Xiangwan. DU Xiangwan：Promoting the energy transition requires innovation in six major concepts [J].Energy,2020(05):27-30.
[22]Melville，N． ，V． Gurbaxani，and K． Kraemer .The Productivity Impact of Information Technology across Competitive Regimes: The Role of Industry Concentration and Dynamism[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43 ( 1) :229—242．
[23]刘锐,刘文清,谢涛,杨婧文,席春秀,姚逸斐,韦维.“互联网+”智慧环保技术发展研究[J].中国工程科学,2020,22(04):86-92.
[23] LIU Rui , LIU Wenqing , XIE Tao , YANG Jingwen , XI Chunxiu , YAO Yifei , WEI Wei . Development of Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection [J].Strategic Study of CAE,2020,22(04):86-92.
[24]Yu Zhang,Juanru Wang,Yajiong Xue,Jin Yang.Impact of environmental regulations on green technological innovative behavior: An empirical study in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018, (188):763-773.
[25]刘金科,肖翊阳.中国环境保护税与绿色创新：杠杆效应还是挤出效应?[J].经济研究,2022,57(01):72-88.
[25] LIU Jinke , XIAO Yiyang. China's Environmental Protection Tax and Green Innovation: Incentive Effect or Crowding-out Effect?[J]. Economic Research Journal,2022,57(01):72-88.
[26]吴非,胡慧芷,林慧妍,任晓怡.企业数字化转型与资本市场表现——来自股票流动性的经验证据[J].管理世界,2021,37(07):130-144.
[26] WU Fei ，HU Huizhi ，LIN Huiyan , REN Xiaoyi. Enterprise Digital Transformation and Capital Market Performance: Empirical Evidence from Stock Liquidity [J]. Journal of Management World,2021,37(07):130-144.
[27]张叶青,陆瑶,李乐芸.大数据应用对中国企业市场价值的影响——来自中国上市公司年报文本分析的证据[J].经济研究,2021,56(12):42-59.
[27] ZHANG Yeqing ，LU Yao and LI Leyun. Effects of Big Data on Firm Value in China: Evidence from Textual Analysis of Chinese Listed Firms' Annual Reports [J]. Economic Research Journal,2021,56(12):42-59.
[28]方明月,林佳妮,聂辉华.数字化转型是否促进了企业内共同富裕?——来自中国A股上市公司的证据[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2022,39(11):50-70.
[28] FANG Mingyue ,LIN Jiani ,NIE Huihua . Does Digital Transformation Promote Common Prosperity within Firms? Evidence from Chinese A-share Listed Firms [J]. Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics,2022,39(11):50-70.
[29]陈晓红,李杨扬,宋丽洁, 汪阳洁.数字经济理论体系与研究展望[J].管理世界,2022,38(02):208-224+13-16.
[29] CHEN Xiaohong,LI Yangyangb，SONG Lijie ,WANG Yangjie. Theoretical Framework and Research Prospect of Digital Economy [J]. Journal of Management World,2022,38(02):208-224+13-16.
[30]沈国兵,袁征宇.企业互联网化对中国企业创新及出口的影响[J].经济研究,2020,55(01):33-48.
[30]SHEN Guobing, YUAN Zhengyu. The Effect of Enterprise Internetization on the Innovation and Export of Chinese Enterprises [J]. Economic Research Journal,2020,55(01):33-48.
[31]谢东明.地方监管、垂直监管与企业环保投资——基于上市A股重污染企业的实证研究[J].会计研究,2020，(11):170-186.
[31] XIE Dongming. Local Supervision，Vertical Supervision and Corporate Environmental Protection Investment ———An Empirical Study Based on Listed A－share Heavily Polluting Enterprises [J]. Accounting Research,2020，(11):170-186.
[32]张玉昌,郑江淮,冉征.企业研发支出决策的机制与经验分析[J].产业经济研究,2022，(04):72-86.
[32] ZHANG Yuchang，ZHENG Jianghuai，RAN Zheng. Decision-making mechanism and experience analysis of enterprise Ｒ＆D expenditure [J]. Industrial Economics Research,2022，(04):72-86.
[33]江艇.因果推断经验研究中的中介效应与调节效应[J].中国工业经济,2022，(05):100-120.
[33] JIANG Ting. Mediating Effects and Moderating Effects in Causal Inference [J]. China Industrial Economics,2022，(05):100-120.
[34]于忠泊,田高良,齐保垒,张皓.媒体关注的公司治理机制——基于盈余管理视角的考察[J].管理世界,2011,216(09):127-140.
[34] YU Zhongbo, TIAN Gao Liang, QI Bao, ZHANG Hao. Media-focused corporate governance mechanisms—— Examination based on the perspective of earnings management[J]. Journal of Management World,2011,216(09):127-140.
[35]万攀兵, 杨冕, 陈林. 环境技术标准何以影响中国制造业绿色转型——基于技术改造的视角[J]. 中国工业经济, 2021,(09): 118-136.
[35] WAN Panbing，YANG Mian，CHEN Lin. How Do Environmental Technology Standards Affect the Green Transition of China’s Manufacturing Industry——A Perspective from Technological Transformation [J]. China Industrial Economics, 2021,(09): 118-136.
[36]林毅夫,刘明兴,章奇.政策性负担与企业的预算软约束:来自中国的实证研究[J].管理世界,2004，(08):81-89.
[36] LIN Yifu, LIU Mingxing, ZHANG Qi. Policy Burden and Firm Budget Constraints: An Empirical Study from China [J]. Journal of Management World,2004，(08):81-89.
基金
辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目：“资源逆境下辽宁新时代企业家精神培育中的使命漂移：产生、影响及抗毁机制”（L20AGL003，2020—2023）。
PDF(1467 KB)
