科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 1-9.

• 论文 •    下一篇

国家高新区是地区“稳外资”的有效载体吗——来自我国276座城市的证据

万源星1,2，郑秀田1,3，林霞2   

  1. 1.复旦大学工商管理博士后流动站，上海200433;
    2.浙江工商大学会计学院，浙江 杭州310018;
    3.杭州师范大学钱江学院，浙江 杭州310018

  • 收稿日期:2020-03-08 修回日期:2020-09-18 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 林霞
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点国际合作研究项目（71810107004，2019.01—2023.12）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（L1924081，2020.01.01—2021.12.31）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（72002198，2021.01—2023.12）。

Can national high-tech zones act as an effective carrier to stabilize FDI——The evidence from 276 Chinese cities

Wan Yuanxing1,2, Zheng Xiutian1,3, Lin Xia2   

  1. 1. Postdoctoral Research Station in Business Administration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; 
    2. School of Accounting, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; 
    3. Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2020-03-08 Revised:2020-09-18 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-09-19

摘要： 以相继设立的国家高新区为实验场景，利用1994—2017年中国276座地级市数据，通过多期倍差模型检验国家高新区对地区外商直接投资的影响。研究表明：（1）国家高新区促进地区吸引FDI，尤其东部地区，以及自然资源依赖度低、市场及人力资源优越的地区；（2）上述政策效果通过提高地区产业集聚、科技创新及基础设施水平而实现的。本文为国家高新区政策评价不一的结论提供微观证据，并对深化市场对外开放的系列改革提供建议。

关键词: 国家高新区, 外商直接投资, 资源禀赋

Abstract:     Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driving force for international trade and national economic development, while the structural trade friction among the world′s major economies impacts the division of labor in the global value chain, and inevitably affects the location direction and flow of FDI in the global scope. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC clearly regards "stabilizing foreign investment" as an important work to maintain the steady and healthy development of the economy, and encourages foreign investors to invest in high-tech fields such as electronic information, modern medicine and new materials of which the national high-tech zone is an important carrier. Over the past 40 years of the reform and opening up policy, national high-tech zones such as Zhongguancun Science Park, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park and Suzhou Industrial Park have grown from scratch, from weak to strong, which are not only regional economic support points and innovation gathering highlands, but also the forefront of China′s opening up. Therefore, the main concern of this paper is: Can the national high-tech zones attract and retain FDI?
    Theoretically, the establishment of national high-tech zones is conducive to the formation of industrial agglomeration, technological innovation and infrastructure advantages, thus promoting the region to attract more FDI. However, some high-tech zones in developed countries have not promoted the local technological progress and economic development, while in developing countries, the growth rate of many park enterprises even lags behind that outside the parks. In the Chinese setting of the political bidding competition system, some local governments, in order to pursue the number of high-tech enterprises, also pile up enterprises with quick results and low industrial relevance, resulting in the homogenization of industries in the park. Therefore, the coexistence of theoretical contribution and practical problems leads to the uncertainty of the impact of national high-tech zones on regional FDI, which needs to be supported by rigorous theoretical and empirical evidence. The main content of this paper is as follows:
    Firstly, this paper analyzes the impact of national high-tech zones on FDI, and gives the following hypotheses: H1: the establishment of national high-tech zones promotes FDI; H2, the promotion effect of national high-tech zones on regional FDI is more significant in areas with low dependence on natural resources and superior market and human resources.
   Secondly, based on the quasi-natural experiment from the national high-tech zones and the data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China from 1994 to 2017, this paper uses difference-in-difference model, and aims to study the influence of national high-tech zones on regional FDI. The results show that: (1) The national high-tech zones have attracted the inflow of regional foreign direct investment, and the policy effects of national high-tech zones are more significant in eastern region, and the regions which have less dependent on natural resources, and superior market and manpower conditions; (2) The national high-tech zones have increased the industrial agglomeration, technological innovation level and infrastructure level of the region, thereby enhancing the region′s competitive advantage in attracting foreign direct investment.
   Finally, this paper gives the following suggestions: (1) Government should strengthen the coordinated development in the developed and underdeveloped areas, and expand the policy support for the central and western regions to attract foreign investment; (2) The national high-tech zones management committees of each region ought to formulate a reasonable development strategy based on the local resource endowment characteristics; (3) With the advantages of industrial agglomeration and scientific and technological innovation of the national high-tech zones, enterprises in the park are supposed to be encouraged to actively participate in the construction of traditional infrastructure such as railways and highways, as well as new infrastructure projects such as 5G, artificial intelligence and big data, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of regional infrastructure supply.

Key words: national high-tech zone, foreign direct investment, resource endowment